Chapter 2. Pathologic mechanisms in ocular disease CHAPTER CONTENTS Objectives9 Fundamental cellular and tissue responses to injury9 Cellular degeneration and death10 Cellular degeneration 10 Necrobiosis-physiologic cellular degeneration and death of…
Chapter 12. The Optic Nerve CHAPTER CONTENTS Normal anatomy 399 Optic nerve head, intraocular optic nerve (optic disc, optic papilla) 399 The intrascleral optic nerve 400 The intraorbital optic nerve…
Chapter 1. The principles and practice of ocular pathology CHAPTER CONTENTS Objectives1 General points1 Characteristics of eyes submitted to the COPLOW pathology service 1 Characteristics of conditions infrequently encountered in…
Chapter 14 Visual System EMBRYOLOGY OF THE EYEBALL HISTOLOGY OF THE PARS OPTICA RETINA Pigment Epithelium of the Retina Photosensitive Layer External Limiting Membrane External Nuclear Layer External Plexiform Layer…
Chapter 13 Cerebellum DEVELOPMENT ANATOMY Cerebellar Afferents General Proprioception Special Proprioception Special Somatic Afferent—Visual and Auditory Upper Motor Neuron Cerebellar Efferents Cerebellar Cortex Cerebellar Nuclei FUNCTION CLINICAL SIGNS OF CEREBELLAR…
Chapter 6 Lower Motor Neuron General Somatic Efferent, Cranial Nerve CRANIAL NERVE III: OCULOMOTOR NEURONS Anatomy CRANIAL NERVE IV: TROCHLEAR NEURONS Anatomy CRANIAL NERVE VI: ABDUCENT NEURONS Anatomy FUNCTION OF…
Chapter 11 Large Animal Spinal Cord Disease NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION Gait and Posture Postural Reactions Head Elevation Circling Swaying Backing Spinal Nerves Muscle Atrophy Cutaneous Reflexes Tail, Anus, and Perineum Patellar…
CHAPTER 10 Small Animal Spinal Cord Disease NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION Gait Postural Reactions Spinal Reflexes Cranial Nerves SUMMARY OF POSSIBLE CLINICAL SIGNS RELATED TO SPINAL CORD LESIONS Lumbosacral: Fourth Lumbar to…
CHAPTER 3 Development of the Nervous System Malformation NEURAL TUBE Cell Differentiation MEDULLA SPINALIS: SPINAL CORD Neural Crest MYELENCEPHALON: MEDULLA OBLONGATA METENCEPHALON: CEREBELLUM AND PONS MESENCEPHALON: MIDBRAIN DIENCEPHALON: INTERBRAIN TELENCEPHALON:…
CHAPTER 4 Cerebrospinal Fluid and Hydrocephalus PRODUCTION MENINGES: SUBARACHNOID SPACE CIRCULATION ABSORPTION FLUID COMPARTMENTS FUNCTION CLINICAL APPLICATION OF CSF CEREBELLOMEDULLARY CISTERN CSF COLLECTION LUMBOSACRAL CSF COLLECTION IN LARGE ANIMALS MYELOGRAPHY…
