39Orthopedic Implants Rebecca J. Webb VetSurg, Ventura, CA, USA Key Points A range of orthopedic implants are available for the surgical fixation of fractures that can be largely grouped into…

22Gastrointestinal Procedures Penny J. Regier Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA Key Points The most common indication for gastrointestinal (GI) surgery in dogs is a foreign…

7Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome in Dogs and Cats Pamela Schwartz Schwarzman Animal Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Key Points There are three extreme brachycephalic breeds of dog: Pugs, English…

32Feline Perineal Urethrostomy Janet A. Grimes Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA Key Points Perineal urethrostomy forms an anastomosis of the urethra to…

28Cystotomy and Partial Cystectomy Janet A. Grimes Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA Key Points Retrograde urohydropropulsion should be performed prior to cystotomy…