Water Balance
Chapter 43 Water Balance Key Points 1. The kidney maintains water balance. 2. The proximal tubule reabsorbs more than 60% of filtered water. 3. The kidney can produce either concentrated or diluted urine….
Cerebrospinal Fluid and the Blood-Brain Barrier
Chapter 15 Cerebrospinal Fluid and the Blood-Brain Barrier Key Points 1. Cerebrospinal fluid has many functions. 2. Most cerebrospinal fluid is formed at the choroid plexus of the ventricles. 3. Cerebrospinal fluid flows…
Introduction to the Nervous System
Chapter 3 Introduction to the Nervous System Key Points 1. The neuron is the major functional unit of the nervous system. 2. The mammalian nervous system has two major subdivisions: the central…
The Synapse
Chapter 5 The Synapse Key Points 1. The anatomy of the neuromuscular junction is specialized for one-way synaptic communication. 2. An action potential on the presynaptic neuron triggers an action potential on…
The Concept of a Reflex
Chapter 7 The Concept of a Reflex Key Points 1. A reflex arc contains five fundamental components. 2. Reflex arcs can be segmental or intersegmental. 3. Reflex arcs are widespread in the nervous…
The Concept of Lower and Upper Motor Neurons and Their Malfunction
Chapter 9 The Concept of Lower and Upper Motor Neurons and Their Malfunction Key Points 1. The lower motor neuron is classically defined as the alpha (α) motor neuron. 2. Disease of…
Infectious diseases
Chapter 69 Infectious diseases A microbiological approach to infectious diseases of domestic animals is presented in this chapter. The material has been organized on a species and systems basis. Species…
Bacterial pathogens: Microscopy, culture and identification
Chapter 2 Bacterial pathogens Microscopy, culture and identification Microscopy A good-quality microscope with a built-in light source (bright-field microscopy) as well as low-power, high-dry and oil-immersion objectives is required. A…
Enterobacteriaceae
Chapter 17 Enterobacteriaceae Most members of the family Enterobacteriaceae share the following characteristics: Gram-negative, medium-sized rods (0.4–0.6 × 2–3 µm; Fig. 17.1); peritrichate arrangement of flagella, if motile; facultatively anaerobic and…
