Chapter 7 The Digestive Apparatus and Abdomen The digestive system (apparatus digestorius) consists of the oral cavity, pharynx, alimentary canal, and accessory organs. The accessory organs include the teeth, tongue,…
Chapter 19 Cranial Nerves The cranial nerves of vertebrates have been the subject of much study because of their association with the sense organs of the head, their easy accessibility,…
Chapter 6 The Muscular System John W. Hermanson Introduction The muscular system is composed of contractile units of varied morphologic characteristics, activated by voluntary or involuntary nerve impulses or by…
Chapter 13 The Lymphatic System Abraham J. Bezuidenhout Our knowledge of the structure and function of the lymphatic system has increased substantially during recent decades. This is equally true of…
Chapter 16 Spinal Cord and Meninges Thomas F. Fletcher The Spinal Cord The spinal cord and the brain constitute the central nervous system. The spinal cord is enclosed within the…
Chapter 14 Introduction to the Nervous System General The nervous system (systema nervosum) informs an animal about its environment, both internal and external, and initiates responses to that environment. Other…
Chapter 10 The Endocrine System Ronald L. Hullinger General Features of the Endocrine Glands The endocrine system differs from other body systems in that the component organs are not in…
