Fluoride Analysis
Sample Sample size/volume Preservative Stability Comments Water 50 ml 0.2 g ethylene dinitrilo-tetraacetic acid (EDTA), disodium salt 2 weeks when stored at 4° C. Up to one month or more if kept at −20 °C…
EXOTIC, WILD, ZOO
Fluoride Kinetics and Metabolism
Fig. 3.1 Fluoride metabolism in animal body after its oral intake 3.1 Absorption Fluoride compounds can be absorbed via different routes including the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and through skin and…
Sources of Fluoride Toxicity
Fig. 2.1 Sources of fluoride toxicity in animals 2.1 Natural Sources Fluorosis in animals can occur due to high fluoride concentration naturally occurring in dietary substances including feed, fodder, concentrate ration,…
Fluoride Tolerance
Animal species Fluoride in feed (ppm) Fluoride in water (ppm) Beef and dairy heifers 30 2.5–4 Mature dairy cattle 30 3–6 Mature beef cattle 40 4–8 Sheep 50 12–15 Horse…
Strong Ion Approach to Acid-Base Disorders
Chapter 13 Strong Ion Approach to Acid-Base Disorders Helio Autran de Morais, Peter D. Constable “Assumptions can be dangerous, especially in science. They usually start as the most plausible or…
Mixed Acid-Base Disorders
Chapter 12 Mixed Acid-Base Disorders Helio Autran de Morais, Andrew L. Leisewitz “A patient will have as many diseases as he/she pleases.” Anonymous A mixed acid-base disturbance is characterized by…
Respiratory Acid-Base Disorders
Chapter 11 Respiratory Acid-Base Disorders Rebecca A. Johnson, Helio Autran de Morais “Life is a struggle, not against sin, not against the Money Power, not against malicious animal magnetism, but…
Introduction to Acid-Base Disorders
Chapter 9 Introduction to Acid-Base Disorders Stephen P. DiBartola To Faraday we are indebted for naming the products of dissociation, ions—and thus we came by “hydrogen ions,” a term now…
Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disturbances in Liver Disease
Chapter 19 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disturbances in Liver Disease Joao Felipe de Brito Galvao, Sharon A. Center Liver disease can influence many metabolic, hormonal, and hemodynamic processes. Changes in…
Enteral Nutrition
Chapter 26 Enteral Nutrition Melissa L. Holahan, Sarah K. Abood, Mary A. McLoughlin, C.A. Tony Buffington Nutritional assessment Identification of patients needing nutritional support requires a thorough history, physical examination,…
