Veterian Key

The first instrument portal is established by placing a 10- to 12-mm cannula using a blunt obturator through a 1-cm skin incision approximately 25 cm cranial to the umbilicus and 15 cm…

After identifying the ipsilateral intra-abdominal testis, a second 15-mm skin incision is made 8–10 cm ventral to the scope portal to serve as the first instrument portal. A third 15-mm skin…

Many preventative measures have been studied such as the use of the Halsted principle, peritoneal lavage, heparin, antibiotics, and even the use of lubricants like carboxymethylcellulose (Kelmer et al. 2008)….

Table 7.2 Duration of sedation and analgesia of alpha-2 adrenergic agonists commonly used in horses Opioids Opioids provide moderate to profound analgesia by binding to central and peripheral opioid receptors. Butorphanol…

Perhaps the most important indication for laparoscopic repair is the anatomic location of the rent. In one study, a mesoduodenal rent was not accessible with a ventral median celiotomy, so…