Chapter 4 THE FORELIMB As with the previous two chapters, any part of the limb may be involved in surface trauma with bruising and hemorrhage requiring cleaning, disinfection and debridement….

Chapter 3 THE NECK The neck has three regions: the parotid region, the ventral margin of the neck and the prescapular region. Many conditions link the head and the neck…

Chapter 6 THE ABDOMEN The symmetry, size and shape of the abdomen varies considerably from breed to breed. In the bitch, the mammary glands are an important pre- and post-natal…

Chapter 5 THE THORAX Clinically, the thorax is important because of the wealth of problems that may affect the heart, lungs and trachea, esophagus and diaphragm. The regions are presternal,…

Chapter 10 THE CAT: COMPARATIVE ASPECTS Fig. 10.1 Surface features of the cat: left lateral view. The cat differs from the dog in a number of ways (see Fig. 1.1),…

Chapter 8 THE PELVIS Clinically, the pelvis is an important region as it contains the rectum, anal sacs, prostate and male accessory organs, female reproductive tract and part of the…

Chapter 1 LIVE AND SKELETAL ANATOMY OF WHOLE ANIMAL Fig. 1.1 Surface features of the dog: left lateral view. This picture is intended to show in a very basic manner…

8 THE PELVIS (INCLUDING THE SPINE) Clinical importance of the pelvis Lameness associated with the pelvis can be investigated by clinical examination, ultrasonography, scintigraphy, radiology in the young horse, local…

7 THE FOOT Clinical importance of the foot In vertebrate anatomy, the ‘foot’ includes the carpus or tarsus and the regions distal to these joints. Contact between the foot and…

3 THE FORELIMB Clinical importance of the forelimb The foal grows rapidly, especially from birth to 10 weeks-of-age. Fusion of growth plates in the limb bones gives an approximate estimation…