Chapter 57 Small Intestine Structure and Function Edward J. Hall The small intestine (SI) is, in essence, an interface between the external environment and the body, and is both an absorptive…

Chapter 60 Pancreas Structure and Function Robert J. Washabau Structure Macroscopic Anatomy The pancreas is a bilobed structure in companion animal species. The right lobe lies in the mesoduodenum in close…

Chapter 54 Oropharynx Structure and Function Kendall Taney Structure of the Oropharynx Oral Cavity The oral cavity extends from the lips to the oropharynx, or more specifically to level of the…

Chapter 55 Esophagus Structure and Function Anjop Venker-van-Haagen The esophagus conveys food from the pharynx to the stomach. This relatively narrow tube begins dorsal to the cricoid cartilage of the larynx…

Chapter 61 Liver Structure and Function Robert J. Washabau Liver Structure The hepatic lobule is the anatomic unit of the liver. In the anatomic model, liver lobules are organized into irregular…

Chapter 25 Laboratory Approach Stomach and Small Intestine Jan S. Suchodolski Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases occur commonly in companion animals. Because of their nonspecific clinical signs, GI disorders pose a diagnostic challenge…

Chapter 59 Anorectum Structure and Function Debra L. Zoran The structures that make up the anorectum are responsible for the distal storage and voluntary evacuation of feces, and maintenance of fecal…

Chapter 58 Large Intestine Structure and Function Robert J. Washabau The large intestine of the dog and cat has evolved to serve two major functions: extraction of water and electrolytes from…

Chapter 28 Laparoscopy Instrumentation Keith Richter The use of laparoscopy for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes has increased dramatically during the last 20 years. Increased use and acceptance of laparoscopy stems from…

Chapter 33 Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Stanley L. Marks Nutritional support is aimed at minimizing development of malnutrition in animals at risk, while maintaining or enhancing immunologic and intestinal barrier function….