Chapter 9 Glaucoma INTRODUCTION Glaucoma, a disease that affects the optic nerve, is characterized by the death of ganglion cells and is associated with a pathologic elevation of the intraocular…

Chapter 13 Orbit INTRODUCTION The conditions involving the eye and orbit essentially can be divided into those in which the eye itself is abnormally sized (e.g., microphthalmos, phthisis bulbi, glaucoma)…

Chapter 2 Conjunctiva INTRODUCTION The conjunctiva is a highly vascular layer on the surface of the eye and eyelids. It functions in some respects as a lymph node does, reacting…

Chapter 12 Optic Nerve INTRODUCTION The optic nerve enters the eye through the lamina cribrosa of the sclera. In cats the normal optic nerve loses its myelination as it enters…

Chapter 4 Lacrimal System INTRODUCTION Conditions of the nasolacrimal system affect the lacrimal secretions, particularly the aqueous phase of the tear film secreted by the lacrimal and third eyelid glands…

Chapter 3 Third Eyelid INTRODUCTION The third eyelid (membrana nictitans) is composed of a T-shaped cartilage with the third eyelid lacrimal gland at its base, entirely covered with conjunctiva. The…

Chapter 6 Sclera INTRODUCTION The sclera is the fibrous outer coat of the eye—a continuation of the cornea, but, unlike the latter, nontransparent. Few conditions affect the sclera, and these…

Chapter 10 Vitreous INTRODUCTION The vitreous is a gel composed of collagen fibrils, mucopolysaccharides, and water (98%). It is normally optically transparent. It maintains the shape of the eye and…