of the immune system
CHAPTER 13 Development of the immune system Morten Vejlsted The adult body employs multiple layers of defence against foreign materials. These defences are derived from all three embryonic germ layers….
Neurulation
CHAPTER 8 Neurulation Fred Sinowatz Neurulation is a fundamental event of embryogenesis. It leads to the formation of the neural tube, the precursor of the central nervous system including the…
Gas Exchange
Chapter 47 Gas Exchange Key Points 1. The composition of a gas mixture can be described by the fractional composition or partial pressure. 2. Alveolar gas composition is determined by alveolar ventilation…
Endocrine Glands and Their Function
Chapter 34 Endocrine Glands and Their Function Key Points The thyroid gland 1. The thyroid hormones are synthesized from two connected tyrosine molecules that contain three or four iodine molecules. 2. Thyroid…
Digestion and Absorption: The Nonfermentative Processes
Chapter 30 Digestion and Absorption The Nonfermentative Processes Key Points 1. Digestion and absorption are separate, but related, processes. 2. The small-intestinal mucosa has a large surface area and epithelial cells with…
Overview of Respiratory Function: Ventilation of the Lung
Chapter 45 Overview of Respiratory Function Ventilation of the Lung Key Points Respiratory function 1. The respiratory system’s primary function is the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the environment…
The Molecular and Cellular Bases of Physiological Regulation
Chapter 1 The Molecular and Cellular Bases of Physiological Regulation Key Points 1. All physiological change is mediated by proteins. 2. Protein function depends on protein shape and shape changes. 3. A series…
Acid-Base Homeostasis
Chapter 52 Acid-Base Homeostasis Key Points Acid-Base Regulation 1. Relative constancy of the body’s pH is essential because metabolism requires enzymes that operate at an optimal pH. 2. Hydrogen ion concentration is…
The Heart as a Pump
Chapter 21 The Heart as a Pump Key Points 1. Each heartbeat consists of ventricular systole and ventricular diastole. 2. Cardiac output equals heart rate multiplied by stroke volume. 3. Increases in end-diastolic…
Postabsorptive Nutrient Utilization
Chapter 32 Postabsorptive Nutrient Utilization Key Points 1. Homeostatic mechanisms balance the supply and demand of almost all nutrients. The furnace 1. The tricarboxylic acid (or Krebs) cycle is the major energy-yielding…
