Hemorrhage (Gastrointestinal)
Chapter 16 Hemorrhage (Gastrointestinal) Michael D. Willard Definition Gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage can be occult or it can be heralded by significant blood loss via the oral cavity or anorectum. Hematemesis refers…
Gastrointestinal Immunology
Chapter 3 Gastrointestinal Immunology Oliver A. Garden Introduction Gastrointestinal (GI) or gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is part of the mucosal immune system and comprises up to 70% of total body lymphoid…
Probiotic Agents
Chapter 51 Probiotic Agents Mary Bowles Probiotic agents are living organisms with low or no pathogenicity that exert beneficial effects on the health of the host. The use of probiotic agents…
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Analgesics
Chapter 38 Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Analgesics Karol Mathews, Sarah Boston Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory analgesics (NSAIAs) are a group of pharmaceutical agents that possess both analgesic and antiinflammatory properties. The NSAIAs are frequently used…
Chemotherapy
Chapter 44 Chemotherapy Antonella Borgatti Principles of Chemotherapy Significant advances have been made in the chemotherapeutic management of neoplastic conditions. Unfortunately, a large proportion of cancer patients still fails to respond…
Antiemetic Agents
Chapter 35 Antiemetic Agents Robert J. Washabau Vomiting or emesis is a complex reflex pathway that has evolved to protect animals from ingested toxins, but it holds greater importance because of…
Adverse Food Reactions
Chapter 31 Adverse Food Reactions Nick Cave Definition An adverse food reaction is defined as any abnormal clinical response that occurs following ingestion of a food or food component. Adverse food…
Immunosuppressive Drugs
Chapter 49 Immunosuppressive Drugs Rance K. Sellon When aberrant or uncontrolled immune responses either target directly, or indirectly affect, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, immunosuppressive drugs may be prescribed. When used for…
Gastric Cytoprotective Agents
Chapter 45 Gastric Cytoprotective Agents Caroline S. Mansfield, Tim Hyndman Introduction Gastric cytoprotective agents are used when normal gastric defense mechanisms are disrupted, thereby exposing submucosal layers to damage from gastric…
