Chapter 124 Basic Ophthalmic Surgical Procedures Hans D. Westermeyer and Diane V.H. Hendrix Ophthalmic surgery is indicated for a vast number of diseases and encompasses many types of surgical techniques….

Chapter 77 Tension-Relieving Techniques Bryden J. Stanley One of the more satisfying outcomes a surgeon can experience is the successful reconstruction of a gaping wound that at first glance appears…

Chapter 31 Cervical Spine Simon R. Platt and Ronaldo C. da Costa Clinical Signs and Neurologic Examination of Animals with Cervical Spinal Cord Disease Observation of an animal’s gait, posture,…

Chapter 106 Cardiac Surgery E. Christopher Orton Anatomy The mammalian heart is a muscular organ consisting of two atria, two ventricles, and several great vessels. The right atrium and left…

Chapter 105 Thoracic Cavity MaryAnn G. Radlinsky Anatomy The pleural cavity is a potential space that normally lacks any content except for a film of fluid.28 It exists only as…

Chapter 96 Hepatic Vascular Anomalies Allyson C. Berent and Karen M. Tobias Abnormalities in portal circulation result in inadequate hepatic development; decreased protein metabolism and production; reduced endogenous and exogenous…

Chapter 55 Radius and Ulna Derek B. Fox Anatomy and Development Anatomy The antebrachium comprises two bones, the radius and ulna, which cross one another in the frontal plane as…

Chapter 86 Peritoneum and Retroperitoneum Barbara M. Kirby Embryology The peritoneal cavity develops in the embryo from the lateral mesoderm.235 Two sheets of mesoderm extending laterally from the intermediate mesoderm…

Chapter 102 Trachea and Bronchi Patricia A. Sura and April M. Durant Anatomy Structure The cricotracheal junction arbitrarily marks the border of the upper and lower respiratory tracts. The trachea…

Chapter 13 Instrumentation Harry W. Boothe Surgical instruments are defined as hand-held tools or implements used by health professionals for the performance of surgical tasks.5 Surgery always has been intimately…