Nasolacrimal system – introduction
15 Nasolacrimal system – introduction The nasolacrimal system is made up of a secretory component (the pre-ocular tear film) and an excretory component (nasolacrimal drainage system). Secretion of the tear…
Eyelids – introduction
3 Eyelids – introduction An understanding of the basic anatomy and physiology of the eyelids is important since so many common ophthalmic problems are encountered in this area, especially in…
Conjunctiva – introduction
9 Conjunctiva – introduction The conjunctiva is a very important, but often overlooked, part of the eye. Surface disease is very common in general practice and it is essential to…
Laboratory investigation
2 Laboratory investigation The collection and handling of samples from the eyes is commonly performed in veterinary ophthalmology. Samples collected include swabs, scrapings and other samples for cytology, aspirates and…
The cancer patient with general lumps and bumps
15 The cancer patient with general lumps and bumps A large number (if not the majority) of veterinary cancer patients present in general practice either because the owner has noticed…
The cancer patient with halitosis and/or hypersalivation
6 The cancer patient with halitosis and/or hypersalivation Hypersalivation and/or halitosis in a cancer patient are usually signs of an intraoral neoplasm and as such, these clinical signs are frequently…
Principles of cancer chemotherapy
3 Principles of cancer chemotherapy A basic understanding of the mechanisms of action and particular uses of chemotherapy is vital if we are to give the best-quality, compassionate and safe…
The anaemic cancer patient
11 The anaemic cancer patient Anaemic animals can have many underlying conditions causing the problem, so it is vital that a logical, stepwise clinical approach is taken to ensure an…
How to obtain the perfect biopsy
1 How to obtain the perfect biopsy Obtaining a diagnosis is one of the most important steps in the management of the cancer patient. Obtaining a biopsy before the surgical…
The cancer patient with sneezing and/or nasal discharge
5 The cancer patient with sneezing and/or nasal discharge Nasal neoplasia accounts for 1% of tumours in dogs, is considered less common in cats and has also been reported in…
