Cardiac Surgery
Chapter 106 Cardiac Surgery E. Christopher Orton Anatomy The mammalian heart is a muscular organ consisting of two atria, two ventricles, and several great vessels. The right atrium and left…
Thoracic Cavity
Chapter 105 Thoracic Cavity MaryAnn G. Radlinsky Anatomy The pleural cavity is a potential space that normally lacks any content except for a film of fluid.28 It exists only as…
Hepatic Vascular Anomalies
Chapter 96 Hepatic Vascular Anomalies Allyson C. Berent and Karen M. Tobias Abnormalities in portal circulation result in inadequate hepatic development; decreased protein metabolism and production; reduced endogenous and exogenous…
Radius and Ulna
Chapter 55 Radius and Ulna Derek B. Fox Anatomy and Development Anatomy The antebrachium comprises two bones, the radius and ulna, which cross one another in the frontal plane as…
Peritoneum and Retroperitoneum
Chapter 86 Peritoneum and Retroperitoneum Barbara M. Kirby Embryology The peritoneal cavity develops in the embryo from the lateral mesoderm.235 Two sheets of mesoderm extending laterally from the intermediate mesoderm…
Trachea and Bronchi
Chapter 102 Trachea and Bronchi Patricia A. Sura and April M. Durant Anatomy Structure The cricotracheal junction arbitrarily marks the border of the upper and lower respiratory tracts. The trachea…
Instrumentation
Chapter 13 Instrumentation Harry W. Boothe Surgical instruments are defined as hand-held tools or implements used by health professionals for the performance of surgical tasks.5 Surgery always has been intimately…
Pinna and External Ear Canal
Chapter 122 Pinna and External Ear Canal Nicholas J. Bacon Anatomy The Pinna The canine pinna is a wonderfully diverse structure with breed-related differences in shape, size, and conformation. Less…
Abdominal Wall Reconstruction and Hernias
Chapter 84 Abdominal Wall Reconstruction and Hernias Daniel D. Smeak An abdominal hernia is any full-thickness defect or weakness in the wall of the abdomen that may allow protrusion of…
