References Drug Treatment Withdrawal perioda Measured variables Subjects Behavioral or neurochemical outcome Berger et al. (142) COC Exposure to COC cues with or without oral 4 mg/kg haloperidol Unknown Plasma HVA,…
Fig. 6.1. Number of peer-reviewed articles retrieved from PubMed reporting the use of conditioned place preference in the past two decades by year. 2 Key Phases of the Procedure 2.1…
and Lois M. Black2 (1) Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA (2) Center for Spoken Language Understanding, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA …
Category Determinants of outcome Patient (host) variables • Age • Intelligence • Comorbidities: substance abuse, neurologic disorders, psychiatric disorders • Genotype • Resilience Injury variables • Severity and duration of impaired consciousness • Pupillary response to light…
Fig. 5.1. Schematic illustration of the fear-conditioning chamber and the different experimental phases during delayed auditory fear conditioning. Note that pairing the conditioned stimulus (CS) with the unconditioned stimulus (US)…
Fig. 1.1. Eyeblink conditioning paradigms typically used in human and rabbit studies of Alzheimer’s disease and in rat studies of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. In the 400-ms delay paradigm (1),…
Chapter 11 Obstructive Uropathy and Nephropathy Introduction A. Obstructive nephropathy refers to the functional and anatomical effects of obstruction on the kidney. B. Obstructive uropathy refers to local effects on…
Chapter 4 Specific Syndromes Causing Acute Intrinsic Renal Failure Ethylene Glycol (EG) Toxicity Introduction and Pathophysiology A. Consumption of EG is an important cause of acute intrinsic renal failure (AIRF)…
Chapter 8 Cystitis and Urethritis Urinary Tract Infection Introduction A. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is defined as bacterial colonization of portions of the urinary tract that normally are sterile (i.e.,…
Chapter 14 Tumors of the Urinary System Renal Neoplasia I. Primary renal tumors are uncommon, comprising approximately 1% of all neoplasms in dogs and 1% to 1.5% of all neoplasms…
