Chapter 66 Female Elephant Reproduction Imke Lueders, Thomas Bernd Hildebrandt Among our living terrestrial vertebrates, the three elephant species (Elephas maximus, Loxodonta africana, Loxodonta cyclotis) hold a unique position and…
Chapter 17 Fundamentals of Zoo Animal Surgery Rui I. Bernardino Zoo animal surgery is based on surgical techniques applied to domestic animals and humans. Although technically based on general surgical…
Chapter 43 West Nile Virus in Raptors Nicole M. Nemeth History and Background West Nile virus (WNV; family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus) is a member of the Japanese encephalitis virus antigenic…
Chapter 41 Avian Analgesia Joanne Paul-Murphy, Michelle G. Hawkins Recognizing Pain in Birds All vertebrate animals share similar neuroanatomic and neuropharmacologic components required for nociception—detection, transmission, and response to noxious…
Chapter 40 Veterinary Care of Kakapo Richard Jakob-Hoff, Brett Gartrell The kakapo, Strigops habroptilus (family Strigopidae, subfamily Strigopinae) is a critically endangered endemic New Zealand parrot. Once common throughout New…
Chapter 35 Avian Mycobacterial Disease Gary Riggs Mycobacteriosis is an ancient disease that continues to have a major impact in avian collections worldwide. Mycobacterial disease was “discovered” by Koch in…
Chapter 23 Basic Water Quality Evaluation for Zoo Veterinarians M. Andrew Stamper, Kent J. Semmen Of the various marine organisms, only marine mammals have specific government enforced regulations. The Animal…
Chapter 29 Mycobacteriosis in Amphibians Norin Chai Mycobacterium species have long been recognized as a significant source of morbidity and mortality in amphibians. This review will underscore important aspects of…
Chapter 27 Behavioral Training of Reptiles for Medical Procedures Gregory J. Fleming The words training and enrichment appear to have been lost when used in conjunction with the word reptile…
Chapter 9 Noninvasive Techniques to Assess Health and Ecology of Wildlife Populations Ursula Bechert The use and varied applications of molecular technologies has rapidly expanded over the past 20 years,…
