Antidiarrheal Agents
Chapter 34 Antidiarrheal Agents Robert J. Washabau Pathogenesis of Diarrhea When clinical signs are acute and there are no systemic signs of illness, symptomatic therapy often takes precedence over achieving a…
INTERNAL MEDICINE
Regurgitation
Chapter 21 Regurgitation Robert J. Washabau Definition Regurgitation is the most important clinical sign of esophageal disease and should be differentiated from dysphagia and gagging of more proximal gastrointestinal disorders,…
Polyuria and Polydipsia
Chapter 20 Polyuria and Polydipsia David J. Polzin Definition Polyuria (PU) is defined as excessive urine production and is confirmed by demonstrating that daily urine production exceeds the upper limit…
Polyphagia and Hyperphagia
Chapter 19 Polyphagia and Hyperphagia Dorothy Laflamme Definition Polyphagia and hyperphagia are synonyms that refer to excessive food intake or overeating. Polyphagia may be considered pathologic (i.e., secondary to disease)…
Cellular Growth/Neoplasia
Chapter 5 Cellular Growth/Neoplasia Alexandra Sahora, Chand Khanna The balance between cell growth and death is essential in maintaining tissue and organ homeostasis, even in simple biologic systems. This is of…
Gastrointestinal Microbiota
Chapter 2 Gastrointestinal Microbiota Jan S. Suchodolski The intestinal microbiota is the collection of all live microorganisms that inhabit the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The word microflora is often used synonymously, but…
Hepatoencephalopathy
Chapter 17 Hepatoencephalopathy Jill Maddison Definition Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) refers to a complex of neurologic abnormalities that occur in man and animals as a result of marked hepatic insufficiency. Pathophysiology and…
Dysphagia and Gagging
Chapter 13 Dysphagia and Gagging Robert J. Washabau Definition The term dysphagia derives from the Greek roots dys, meaning “difficulty” or “disorder,” and phagia, meaning “in eating.” Broadly defined, dysphagia would…
Gastrointestinal Gas: Eructation, Borborygmus, and Flatulence
Chapter 15 Gastrointestinal Gas Eructation, Borborygmus, and Flatulence Nick Cave Definition Eructation is defined as the expulsion of gastrointestinal gas from the oral cavity; whereas flatulence is defined as the expulsion…
