Idiopathic epilepsy
21 Idiopathic epilepsy INITIAL PRESENTATION Seizures. INTRODUCTION The definition of idiopathic epilepsy is the ocurrence of seizures for which an underlying cause has not been found. It is a diagnosis…
Behaviour change – an introduction
10 Behaviour change – an introduction Consciousness = alertness + awareness. • Alertness (the level of consciousness) is judged by reflex and behavioural responsiveness to stimuli and is governed by the ARAS and the…
Intracranial arachnoid cyst
14 Intracranial arachnoid cyst SIGNALMENT A 6-month-old male Yorkshire terrier. CASE PRESENTING SIGNS Circling, lack of house-training. CASE HISTORY The pup had always circled a lot, especially when on the…
Alteration in pupil function
25 Alteration in pupil function INTRODUCTION These two cases illustrate altered pupil function localized to different regions of the nervous system. SIGNALMENT 1 An 8.5-year-old male Staffordshire bull terrier. CASE…
Post-ictal behaviour change
22 Post-ictal behaviour change INITIAL PRESENTATION Multiple seizures, behaviour change. INTRODUCTION Status epilepticus is defined as repeated seizure activity without an intermission or seizure activity lasting more than 5 minutes, or…
Granulomatous meningoencephalitis
9 Granulomatous meningoencephalitis INITIAL PRESENTATION Staring into space while lying on the sofa. INTRODUCTION Looking in one direction for an extended period of time is often a sign of cerebral…
Metabolic encephalopathy: osmolality
8 Metabolic encephalopathy osmolality INITIAL PRESENTATION Anorexia, lethargy, vomiting, ataxia, muscle weakness, tremors, altered mental state and behaviour, seizures and coma. INTRODUCTION Osmolality is the number of solute particles in…
Secretions
26 Secretions INCREASED TEAR PRODUCTION: EPIPHORA Presenting signs Overflowing tears, tear staining of the medial canthus. Cause Reflex lacrimation occurs in response to eye pain which should be evident on…
Meningioma
18 Meningioma INITIAL PRESENTATION Seizures. SIGNALMENT A 15-year-old male standard wirehaired dachshund. CASE PRESENTING SIGNS Seizures. CASE HISTORY Two seizures had occurred, 2 months apart. The dog was normal inter-ictally….
