67 Unilateral atrophy of the masticatory muscle INITIAL PRESENTATION Asymmetry of head. SIGNALMENT A 6-year-old neutered female Labrador retriever dog. CASE PRESENTING SIGNS Skin wounds to the right face, altered…
68 Pain – an introduction Almost all pet owners equate pain with a poor quality of life. It is important to recognize the presence of pain in a disease process…
28 Horner’s syndrome INITIAL PRESENTATION Eye appears sunken or ‘disappears’ from view. Odd appearance to the animal’s face. INTRODUCTION Horner’s syndrome describes the constellation of signs resulting from paralysis of…
46 LMN paresis and paralysis Flaccid tail INITIAL PRESENTATION Flaccid tail, low tail carriage, tail paralysis. INTRODUCTION Sacrococcygeal muscles dorsally and ventrally, and the lateral intertransversarius coccygeus muscles extend and…
27 Alteration of eyelid position and movement INTRODUCTION The palpebral fissure is the opening between the eyelids. It forms at 7–10 days in the newborn cat and dog. Opening and…
58 Loss of balance INITIAL PRESENTATION Leaning, falling, rolling, circling, ataxia, head tilt, nystagmus. INTRODUCTION Sudden onset of idiopathic peripheral vestibular disease is very common in the older dog. Vomiting…
73 Urinary incontinence – an introduction Urination becomes a voluntary action in the young animal. It is governed by interactions of the CNS and PNS, many of them reflex. Cerebral…
71 Retroperitoneal disease INITIAL PRESENTATION Lumbar pain, pyrexia, lethargy, anorexia and abdominal pain. INTRODUCTION The retroperitoneum is the potential space between the ventral fascia of the sublumbar muscles and the…
