Monitoring Blood Pressure and End-Tidal CO2 in the Anesthetized Patient
In summary there are two factors that affect blood pressure and two factors that affect cardiac output (Fig. 11.1). Blood pressure is determined by total peripheral resistance and cardiac output….
Anesthesia Equipment
These devices provide oxygen at low cost and eliminate the presence of high-pressure tanks. Oxygen for the patient breathing system (Fig. 8.2) is delivered either by the flowmeter or the…
Fluid Therapy and Blood Products
Slight prolongation of CRTEyes possibly sunken inorbitsPossibly dry mucous membranes 10–12 Tented skin stands in placeDefinite prolongation of CRTEyes sunken in orbitsDry mucous membranesPossible signs of shock(tachycardia, cool extremities, rapid…
Pain Management Strategies
peripheralsensitization Local anesthetics,opioids, NSAIDs,corticosteroids Transmission Inhibitimpulseconduction Local anesthetics,α2 agonists Modulation Inhibitcentralsensitization Local anesthetics,opioids, α2 agonists,NSAIDs, NMDAantagonists, tricyclicantidepressants,anticonvulsants Perception Alter cerebralrecognitionof painfulconditions Inhalant anesthetics,opioids, α2 agonists,benzodiazepines,phenothiazines Adapted from Figure 1-3, Pain…
Anesthesia for Thoracotomies and Respiratory-Challenged Patients
Mask or chamber inductions are very risky and poor choices for the respiratory-compromised patient. To decrease doses of inhalant anesthetic necessary for maintenance and the hypotension associated with higher inhalant…
Preanesthetic Preparation
After successfully pressure checking the anesthesia machine, check the vaporizer to make sure it has enough liquid inhalant. Next check to make sure the CO2 absorbent is fresh. The absorbent…
Monitoring: Pulse Oximetry and Temperature, and Hands-On
Factors that influence accuracy Like many monitoring techniques used today pulse oximetry is also susceptible to inaccuracies. There are intrinsic and extrinsic factors that can provide inaccurate saturation data. Intrinsic…
Introduction to Monitoring: Monitoring the ECG and Blood Gases
Interpreting data: clinical significance When assessing a rhythm strip, one should first see whether the rhythm is a normal sinus rhythm (regular) or some type of arrhythmia (irregular). It should…
Anesthesia for Emergency Trauma Patients
Monitoring patient vital signs should begin during triage and continue well through the postoperative recovery phase. Each patient will require continued evaluation based on its affected organ system or systems….
