Chapter 9 Encephalomyocarditis Virus Infection in Zoo Animals Kay A. Backues ETIOLOGY Encephalomyocarditis (EMC) is a viral disease of mammals caused by infection with encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), which belongs to…
Chapter 6 Emerging Diseases at the Interface of People, Domestic Animals, and Wildlife Robert A. Cook, William B. Karesh Increasingly, diseases are moving among people, domestic animals, and wildlife, creating…
Chapter 10 Avian Influenza Joost D. Philippa DEFINITION AND TYPES Avian influenza A virus (AIV) is a member of the Orthomyxoviridae family and may be classified according to the antigenicity…
Chapter 21 Salmonellosis in Songbirds (Order Passeriformes) James K. Kirkwood Salmonellosis has been recognized as a cause of disease and mortality in captive and free-living songbirds (order Passeriformes) for many…
Chapter 19 Reptile Protozoa Mary C. Denver Many species of protozoa are found in reptiles. Some may be commensal or nonpathogenic organisms, and others are pathogens. The two most clinically…
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Chapter 8 “Balai” Directive of the European Union: Difficult Veterinary Legislation Peter Dollinger THE ORIGINAL “BALAI” DIRECTIVE On 13 July 1992, the Council of the European Communities adopted the “Directive…
Chapter 7 Behavioral Training for Medical Procedures Timothy A. Reichard Training animals to cooperate voluntarily in veterinary procedures is an important cornerstone of a zoo’s animal care program and provides…
Chapter 2 Current Diagnostic Methods for Tuberculosis in Zoo Animals Michele A. Miller Tuberculosis (TB) is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in both domestic and wild animals worldwide….
Chapter 1 West Nile Virus in Birds and Mammals Dominic Travis ETIOLOGY West Nile virus (WNV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) in the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus—Japanese encephalitis antigenic complex—that…
