Oxygen Supplementation Techniques Room air has an inspired oxygen concentration of approximately 21% at sea level. Oxygen supplementation aims to increase this percentage. Several techniques exist, each of which have…
Figure 7.2 Veterinary nurse carrying out buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT) in house. Figure 7.3 In house viral testing kit for feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Packed Cell…
Gaining intravenous access allows administration of drugs, fluids and, if necessary, allows intravenous anaesthesia to be rapidly administered; this may be necessary if the patient decompensates and endotracheal intubation to…
Stabilisation Urinary tract obstruction or leakage of urine will usually result in azotaemia, hyperkalaemia, acidosis and often hypovolaemia. Hypovolaemic animals need volume resuscitation with an isotonic crystalloid to correct hypoperfusion….
Many poisons do not have a specific antidote, or a specific treatment, but close observation and careful supportive care can make all the difference. Reducing Absorption If the toxin has…
DyspnoeaCrackles on auscultationOpen mouth breathingCough* Muffled lung soundsPale or cyanotic mucous membranes Cardiovascular system Muffled heart soundsTachycardiaBradycardiaIrregular rhythm and pulse deficitsGallop rhythm† Murmurs‡ Weak pulsesJugular distension and pulsationSlow CRT CNS…
The remaining 1% body weight is transcellular fluid, this is specialised excreted fluids that serve a specific function, e.g. cerebrospinal fluid, gastrointestinal tract secretions. Intravascular volume comprises such a small…
Prolapsed Globe Prolapse of the globe is an acute displacement of the globe from the orbit, beyond the plane of the eyelids. This may occur as a result of impact…
Early Intervention Most veterinary patients will develop CPA due to progressive systemic illness, trauma or other processes resulting in hospitalisation. The best method to improve survival from CPA is to…
Offer food and water (specify type and calculate RER) and record volume ingested as directed/dictated by method of feeding RER, resting energy expenditure. Fluid Balance Many critical patients have an…
