Fluid Therapy in Reptiles
Chapter 20 Fluid Therapy in Reptiles Juergen Schumacher Fluid imbalances are frequently seen in captive reptiles and are most often characterized by low circulatory fluid volumes. In many cases, suboptimal…
Encephalomyocarditis Virus Infection in Zoo Animals
Chapter 9 Encephalomyocarditis Virus Infection in Zoo Animals Kay A. Backues ETIOLOGY Encephalomyocarditis (EMC) is a viral disease of mammals caused by infection with encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), which belongs to…
Emerging Diseases at the Interface of People, Domestic Animals, and Wildlife
Chapter 6 Emerging Diseases at the Interface of People, Domestic Animals, and Wildlife Robert A. Cook, William B. Karesh Increasingly, diseases are moving among people, domestic animals, and wildlife, creating…
Avian Influenza
Chapter 10 Avian Influenza Joost D. Philippa DEFINITION AND TYPES Avian influenza A virus (AIV) is a member of the Orthomyxoviridae family and may be classified according to the antigenicity…
Salmonellosis in Songbirds (Order Passeriformes)
Chapter 21 Salmonellosis in Songbirds (Order Passeriformes) James K. Kirkwood Salmonellosis has been recognized as a cause of disease and mortality in captive and free-living songbirds (order Passeriformes) for many…
Reptile Protozoa
Chapter 19 Reptile Protozoa Mary C. Denver Many species of protozoa are found in reptiles. Some may be commensal or nonpathogenic organisms, and others are pathogens. The two most clinically…
Amphibians
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“Balai” Directive of the European Union: Difficult Veterinary Legislation
Chapter 8 “Balai” Directive of the European Union: Difficult Veterinary Legislation Peter Dollinger THE ORIGINAL “BALAI” DIRECTIVE On 13 July 1992, the Council of the European Communities adopted the “Directive…
Behavioral Training for Medical Procedures
Chapter 7 Behavioral Training for Medical Procedures Timothy A. Reichard Training animals to cooperate voluntarily in veterinary procedures is an important cornerstone of a zoo’s animal care program and provides…
West Nile Virus in Birds and Mammals
Chapter 1 West Nile Virus in Birds and Mammals Dominic Travis ETIOLOGY West Nile virus (WNV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) in the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus—Japanese encephalitis antigenic complex—that…
