Fig. 7.1. Synthesis and role of glutathione (GSH). (a) GSH synthesis requires two ATP-dependent enzymatic steps. The first and rate-limiting enzyme is GCL that binds glutamate (Glu) and cysteine (Cys)…
Fig. 11.1. l-Methionine (MET) decreases spine density on both the apical and the basilar dendrites. Mean spine density ±SE shown here for a distance of 50–100 μm from the pyramidal cell…
4. Brown, A. S., Schaefer, C. A., Quesenberry, C. P., Jr., Liu, L., Babulas, V. P., and Susser, E. S. (2005) Maternal exposure to toxoplasmosis and risk of schizophrenia in…
Model Approach Function Construct Expression pattern Gross anatomy Cellular abnormalities Behavior Significance Kamiya In utero E14.5 KD function of endogenous Disc1 Disc1 RNAi or express C-terminally truncated DISC1 Pyramidal cortical…
Systemic NMDAR antagonist administration Global NMDAR genetic manipulation Cell type-specific/brain region-restricted genetic manipulation of NMDAR Molecular specificity Variable (low PCP, high MK-801) High High Cellular/regional specificity No No Yes…
NRG1–EGF+/− NRG1–TM+/− NRG1–Ig+/− NRG1–CRD+/− NRG1type1-tg Neonatal injection NRG1β1 Locomotor activity Open-field test ↑ (91, 109), =(93) ↑ (69, 95–97, 110) = (99), ↑ (111) = (100) = (102) =…
Fig. 5.1 (a) Fundus photograph of the right eye of a patient with NPDR and central involvement clinically significant macular oedema. Marked exudation is observed around the fovealcentre. (b) Trypsin…
Type of model Model description T cell mediated response Advantages and disadvantages 1. EAU induced animal models of uveitis A. “Classical” EAU: immunization of wiId-type mice with an ocular antigen…
Inflammatory cell infiltrates in the orbital tissue of CD3+ T cells and macrophages Pathogenic autoantibodies to the thyrotropin receptor Chemosis characterized by histopathological signs of inflammatory, congested blood vessels, and…
Type of cataract Animal model/species Key references cited in review Congenital/Juvenile Transgenic Crystallins Mouse 11, 12, 13, 17, 18, 20, 52, 53, 55, 173 Rat 137, 138 Zebrafish 45,…
