Energy Balance
Chapter 9. Energy Balance All animals must meet their bodies’ energy needs. Energy balance is achieved when energy expenditure is equal to energy intake, resulting in minimal changes in the…
INTERNAL MEDICINE
Energy and Water
Chapter 1. Energy and Water Like all living animals, dogs and cats require a balanced diet to grow normally and maintain health once they are mature. Nutrients are components in…
Carbohydrates
Chapter 2. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are the major energy-containing constituents of plants, making up between 60% and 90% of dry-matter (DM) weight. This class of nutrients comprises the elements carbon, hydrogen,…
Obstructive Uropathy and Nephropathy
Chapter 11 Obstructive Uropathy and Nephropathy Introduction A. Obstructive nephropathy refers to the functional and anatomical effects of obstruction on the kidney. B. Obstructive uropathy refers to local effects on…
Specific Syndromes Causing Acute Intrinsic Renal Failure
Chapter 4 Specific Syndromes Causing Acute Intrinsic Renal Failure Ethylene Glycol (EG) Toxicity Introduction and Pathophysiology A. Consumption of EG is an important cause of acute intrinsic renal failure (AIRF)…
Cystitis and Urethritis: Urinary Tract Infection
Chapter 8 Cystitis and Urethritis Urinary Tract Infection Introduction A. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is defined as bacterial colonization of portions of the urinary tract that normally are sterile (i.e.,…
Tumors of the Urinary System
Chapter 14 Tumors of the Urinary System Renal Neoplasia I. Primary renal tumors are uncommon, comprising approximately 1% of all neoplasms in dogs and 1% to 1.5% of all neoplasms…
