I. BIOCHEMICAL BASIS OF FLUID THERAPY A. Body water 1. Water content is 55–60% of body weight in mature animals, 70–75% in immature animals, and 50% in obese animals. 2….

I. INTRODUCTION. Pharmacology is the study of the properties of chemicals used as drugs for therapeutic purposes. It is divided into the study of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Veterinary pharmacology focuses…

I. INTRODUCTION. Antiparasitics are drugs that reduce parasite burdens to a tolerable level by killing parasites or inhibiting their growth. The ideal antiparasitic has a wide therapeutic index (i.e., the…

I. INTRODUCTION. Anesthesia is a reversible process resulting in the total loss of sensation in a body part or the whole body. Anesthesia may be induced by a drug or…

I. INTRODUCTION A. Diuretics are drugs that increase urinary loss of sodium ions (Na+) and water. By shrinking extracellular fluid (ECF) volume, they mobilize edema fluid from the interstitial space…

I. INTRODUCTION TO THE PERIPHERAL EFFERENT NERVOUS SYSTEM A. T al muscle and controls motor functions of the body. Axons originate from the spinal cord and release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine…

I. ENDOCRINE FUNCTION. Hormones are natural secretions of endocrine glands that can exert powerful effects on other cells/tissues. Compounds that produce hormonelike effects have important therapeutic uses for the treatment…

I. INTRODUCTION A. Definitions 1. Autacoids are chemical mediators that are synthesized and function in a localized tissue or area and participate in physiologic or pathophysiologic responses to injury. They…