Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency
41 Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Anthony P. Carr 1. What is exocrine pancreatic insufficiency? Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is a condition in which the pancreas no longer produces adequate amounts of…
Pancreas and Pancreatitis
40 Pancreas and Pancreatitis Anthony P. Carr 1. What function does the pancreas have? The exocrine pancreas is responsible for the production of inactive zymogens that become active digestive enzymes…
The Approach to Ascites
36 The Approach to Ascites Anthony P. Carr 1. What clinical signs are associated with ascites? The clinical signs associated with ascites can be either masked or exacerbated by the…
The Approach to Diarrhea
35 The Approach to Diarrhea Anthony P. Carr 1. How can large-bowel diarrhea be differentiated from small-bowel diarrhea? Certain criteria help to differentiate the source of diarrhea; they are listed…
Central Diabetes Insipidus
33 Central Diabetes Insipidus David L. Panciera 1. What are the causes of central diabetes insipidus? Central diabetes insipidus is a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion by the pars…
The Approach to Vomiting and Regurgitation
34 The Approach to Vomiting and Regurgitation Anthony P. Carr 1. How can vomiting be differentiated from regurgitation? Vomiting is an active process whereas regurgitation is the passive expulsion of…
Hypoglycemia
32 Hypoglycemia David L. Panciera 1. What are the causes of hypoglycemia? Neonatal hypoglycemia is common, and should be considered in any puppy with nonspecific clinical signs. Hypoglycemia can accompany…
Hypocalcemia
31 Hypocalcemia David L. Panciera 1. What are the clinical signs of hypocalcemia? Clinical signs of hypocalcemia are due primarily to increased neuromuscular excitability. The result is tetany, seizures, muscle…
Upper Airway Disorders
16 Upper Airway Disorders Jo Ann Morrison 1. Is there a typical signalment for a nasopharyngeal foreign body? Foreign bodies are somewhat uncommon and most published reports have documented single…
Hypercalcemia
30 Hypercalcemia David L. Panciera 1. What is the significance of an elevated total calcium concentration? The total serum calcium concentration is routinely measured on serum biochemical analyses. It consists…
