TWENTY-EIGHT: Diarrhea
Clinical Vignette A 14-month-old spayed female German shepherd presents with an 8-month history of voluminous diarrhea, weight loss, unthrifty appearance, and pica. She defecates three to four times a day…
THIRTY-THREE: Discolored Urine
Problem Definition and Recognition Urine normally appears as varying shades of yellow to amber. The depth of color is related to urine volume. Dark urine does not necessarily mean concentrated…
FIFTY-SEVEN: Abnormal Blood pH, Anion Gap, and Blood Gases
Acid–Base Disturbances Acid–base disturbances are frequently encountered in veterinary medicine as a result of illness. This chapter provides a basic understanding and recognition of acid–base problems. Terminology The terms used…
FORTY-THREE: Head Tilt
Clinical Vignette Sam, a 13-year-old M/C shepherd cross, is presented for an acute onset of stumbling, falling, and leaning to the left. He was normal at 7:30 in the morning…
TWENTY-FOUR: Sneezing and Nasal Discharge
Clinical Vignette Rex, a 4-year-old neutered male DSH cat, is brought to you for a second opinion. Rex was adopted by the current owner from a shelter when he was…
THIRTY-EIGHT: Lameness
Clinical Vignette Max, a 6-year-old male Rottweiler, is presented for vague right forelimb lameness. Your physical examination reveals grade 2 lameness in the right forelimb but no other obvious abnormalities….
THIRTY-FOUR: Urinary Incontinence
Clinical Case Information regarding a urinary incontinence case is provided here so that the reader can formulate a diagnostic plan as the chapter material is presented. The diagnostic procedures applied…
FORTY-TWO: Ataxia
Clinical Vignette Misty, a 9-year-old female spayed sheltie, is presented for a 3-week history of progressive balance problems. The owner has noticed that Misty will stumble with all four limbs,…
TWENTY-FIVE: Ptyalism
Problem Definition and Recognition Ptyalism (drooling, hypersalivation, sialosis, hypersialosis, and sialorrhea) is the excessive secretion of saliva. Pseudoptyalism is the inability or failure to swallow saliva produced in normal quantities….
TWENTY-SEVEN: Regurgitation and Vomiting
Clinical Vignette A 6-year-old spayed female Scottish terrier presents with a 2-day history of protracted vomiting, lethargy, and abdominal pain. Initially, she would vomit within 1–2 hours after eating or…
