OURANIA M. ANDRISANI Endocrine Organs Hypothalamusv Hypophysis Cerebri (Pituitary Gland) Adenohypophysis Pars distalis Acidophils Basophils Chromophobes Pars intermedia Pars tuberalis Neurohypophysis Hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal tract Hypothalamo-adenohypophyseal axis Epiphysis Cerebri (Pineal Gland) Thyroid…
BLOOD The blood consists of specialized cells derived from the bone marrow that are suspended in a liquid called plasma. In an adult animal, the blood volume is about 8…
INTRODUCTION Cells, Tissues, and Organs Epithelium is a tissue. A tissue is an aggregation of cells and intercellular substances specialized to perform particular functions. Despite its structural and functional complexity,…
Clinical Vignette Sadie, a 2-year-old female black Labrador retriever, is presented for a very acute onset of dragging the right rear limb. Sadie was normal at 10 AM, and when…
Problem Definition Disturbances of heart rate and cardiac rhythm are commonly present with both cardiac and noncardiac disorders. While some arrhythmias have no clinical consequence, some cause significant hemodynamic compromise,…
Clinical Vignette An apparently healthy 5-month-old mixed-breed dog presents to you for a routine wellness examination. According to the owner, the puppy is showing no signs of exercise intolerance, weakness,…
Clinical Vignette Missy, a 6-year-old female Shetland sheepdog presents for an acute to subacute onset of weakness, lethargy, poor appetite, and vomiting. Physical examination reveals icteric mucous membranes and mild…
