Behavior-Modifying Drugs
I. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS A. Biochemical imbalance in the monoaminergic (5-HT and NE) and GABAergic neurotransmitter system have been implicated in behavioral problems seen in companion animals. B. Behavioral problems most…
Ocular Pharmacology
I. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS. Many drugs that are used for other organs or systems, for example, the nervous, cardiovascular, immune, and endocrine systems, are used orally or parenterally for ocular disease…
Drugs Acting on the Central Nervous System
I. INTRODUCTION A. Function. Drugs can alter the function of the central nervous system (CNS) to provide 1. Anticonvulsant effects 2. Tranquilization (sedation) 3. Analgesia B. Neurotransmitter–receptor relationship. Neurotransmitters released…
Legal Aspects of Medication Usage in Veterinary Medicine
I. INTRODUCTION. It is important for the practitioner to be aware of the rules, regulations, and standards that impact how they dispense, prescribe, or administer medications. While the objective of…
Respiratory Pharmacology
I. INTRODUCTION The primary function of the respiratory system is gas exchange between the inspired air and the pulmonary artery blood. Because of the large surface area of the alveoli…
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs
I. GENERAL CONSIDERATION. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) discussed in this chapter fall under two classes, namely, inhibitors of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis and miscellaneous (locally applied) anti-inflammatory drugs. The PG…
Digestive System
GENERAL STRUCTURE OF TUBULAR ORGANS A general structural pattern exists for all tubular organs of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems (Fig. 10-1). Familiarity with this general pattern is…
Integument
EPIDERMIS The epidermis is a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium derived from ectoderm and is the outermost layer of the skin (Fig. 16-2). In regions with a heavy protective coat of…
Connective and Supportive Tissues
DAVID C. VAN SICKLE Connective Tissue Cells Mesenchymal Cells Fibrocytes and Fibroblasts Reticular Cells Adipocytes Pericytes Mast Cells Macrophages Plasma Cells Pigment Cells Other Cells of Loose Connective Tissue Connective…
Female Reproductive System
OVARY The ovary is a combined exocrine and endocrine gland; that is, it produces both ova (exocrine “secretion”) and ovarian hormones, chiefly estrogens and progesterone (endocrine secretion). The structure of…
