Tissue Structure and Organization
4Tissue Structure and Organization Introduction Although the cell is a basic unit of life, complex functions in multicellular animals require interaction and cooperation between cells. With increased development, specialized functions…
Cardiovascular System
13Cardiovascular System The cardiovascular system (cardio = heart; vascular = blood vessels) includes three components: blood, the heart, and blood vessels. Blood is essential for transporting nutrients and wastes, thermoregulation,…
Respiratory System
14Respiratory System Introduction As animals evolved from single‐celled organisms to multilayered organisms, it became impossible for oxygen to diffuse effectively to all cells. Consequently, systems evolved to deliver oxygen and…
Digestive System
17Digestive System Digestive System Overview All animals need a supply of nutrients and oxygen that are obtained via the digestive system and respiratory system, respectively. The digestive system consists of…
