Chronic Renal Failure
Chapter 5 Chronic Renal Failure Introduction A. Chronic renal failure (CRF) occurs when the compensatory mechanisms of chronically diseased kidneys are no longer able to maintain adequate functions to excrete…
Nonobstructive Idiopathic or Interstitial Cystitis in Cats
Chapter 10 Nonobstructive Idiopathic or Interstitial Cystitis in Cats Terminology Feline Urological Syndrome (FUS) and Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD) 1. Previously used terminology is confusing and reflects a…
Urinalysis
Chapter 1 Urinalysis Introduction A. Routine urinalysis is simple and inexpensive. B. Urinalysis not only is helpful in evaluation of patients with urinary tract disease but also in those with…
Disorders of Micturition and Urinary Incontinence
Chapter 13 Disorders of Micturition and Urinary Incontinence Introduction A. Micturition is the process of urinary storage (filling) and voiding (emptying). Approximately 99% of the time, the bladder and urethra…
Acute Renal Failure
Chapter 3 Acute Renal Failure Introduction A. Acute renal failure (ARF) is a clinical syndrome characterized by an abrupt increase in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations to…
Approach to Polyuria and Polydipsia
Chapter 15 Approach to Polyuria and Polydipsia Normal Physiology Polydipsia 1. Polydipsia (PD) is defined as consumption of a larger than normal amount of water per day. a. Normal water…
Urolithiasis
Chapter 9 Urolithiasis Introduction, Terminology, and General Pathophysiology Urine Is a Complex Solution Containing Many Organic and Inorganic Solutes 1. More of a given solute can remain in solution in…
Clinical Evaluation of the Urinary Tract
Chapter 2 Clinical Evaluation of the Urinary Tract Introduction and Terminology A. Azotemia is defined as an increased concentration of nonprotein nitrogenous compounds in blood, usually urea and creatinine. 1….
Urinary Tract Trauma and Uroperitoneum
Chapter 12 Urinary Tract Trauma and Uroperitoneum Introduction A. Types of trauma to the urinary tract (Figure 12-1) 1. Kidney: Renal trauma is not commonly recognized in dogs or cats,…
Miscellaneous Syndromes
Chapter 16 Miscellaneous Syndromes Benign Essential (Idiopathic Renal) Hematuria In Dogs Introduction and Pathophysiology A. Bleeding originates in the kidney, but its cause is obscure. B. The renal hemorrhage usually…
