Grade Description 1 Asymptomatic, mild headache, slight nuchal rigidity 2 Moderate-to-severe headache, nuchal rigidity, and/or cranial nerve palsy 3 Drowsiness, mild disorientation, and/or mild focal neurological deficits 4 Stupor and/or…
Fig. 1. Schematic representation of tissue cutting and embedding for the whole brain. Section A is for detecting the histological changes of middle cerebral artery (MCA) and anterior cerebral artery…
Fig. 1. Structure of voltage-gated ion channels. As example for a structure of a voltage-gated ion channel, pore-forming α-subunit of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels is shown. The α1-subunit contains of Ca2+…
Model Method Sample/preparation References Impact acceleration Gelatin zymography Cortex Frozen/lysis buffer Nonidet P-40 Ding et al. 2009 (1) Clinical population Severe TBI Gelatin zymography Fluorometric assay Plasma/CSF CSF protein extracts…
Fig. 1. Electrode placement on hippocampal slice. Recording electrode on the cell layer of CA1 and stimulating electrode in the stratum radiatum of CA3. Record basic neurotransmission by stimulating the…
Location ICP level (mmHg) Intraventricular 8 ± 1.6 Intraparenchymal 11 ± 1.3 Cisterna magna 6 ± 0.9 The main advantage of intraparenchymal ICP measurement with fiberoptic catheters besides its simplicity…
Fig. 1. Dynamic imaging of BBB permeability in the rat neocortex (a and b). Averaged fluorescent images from the surface of the rat neocortex during tracer injection before (a) and…
Fig. 1. Perfusion deficits after SAH: (a) Representative coronal brain sections from FITC-dextran injected animals sacrificed at 3 h after sham or SAH surgery. FITC-dextran was circulated for 10 s…
Fig. 1. MR image weighting options in animal models of TBI. (a–c) Coronal images of a rat brain taken at 4.7 T, 2 days after midline fluid percussion injury. (a)…
Fig. 1. (a–c) This figure depicts materials and methods used in in vitro studies to examine cellular and vascular mechanism(s) involved in the development of vasospasm in response to presence…
