Pressure testing the anesthesia machine to detect leaks is an important task that should be done prior to each anesthetic event. Another might be checking that the hobbles are right…

For a detailed explanation see the ferret section. Additional suggestions for Doppler placement in the rodent include use of the tail artery. Blood pressure measurements may be limited due to…

Pharmacology The liver is important for metabolism and clearance of drugs. Proper drug choice and dosage can help prevent anesthetic complications. Phenothiazines, benzodiazepines, and alpha-2 adrenergics should be avoided or…

Many possible complications need to be considered when formulating an anesthetic regimen for the animal with GDV. The abdomen is distended and restricts movement of the diaphragm and thorax. As…

The four main classes of drugs used as premedicants in the pediatric patients are opioids, benzodiazepines, anticholinergics, and tranquilizers. These drugs can be used alone or in combinations. Opioids Opioids…

Setting too short an I:E ratio could potentially cause circulatory issues, because the thoracic pressure is not allowed to sufficiently drop to allow for refilling of the vascular and cardiac…

There are various patterns of nerve stimulation that may be used. A single twitch is the simplest. When activated, the device will show one twitch of the selected muscle group….