Arthrocentesis
Arthrocentesis Basic Information Synonym(s) Joint tap Overview and Goal(s) Aseptic technique and anatomic landmarks are used to access a joint, bursa, or synovial sheath and sample synovial fluid and/or inject…
SMALL ANIMAL
Colic in the Adult Horse
Colic in the Adult Horse Gastrointestinal causes Large intestine Displacement Left dorsal displacement of the large colon (nephrosplenic) Right dorsal displacement of the large colon Large colon volvulus Obstruction Cecal,…
Cervical Defects
Cervical Defects Persistent/chronic endometrial infection: Endometrial infections may be found secondary to a cervical defect, but should be diagnosed and treated prior to surgical intervention. Endometrial infections can also be…
Cardiovascular Association of Poor Performance
Cardiovascular Association of Poor Performance Arrhythmias Atrial premature complexes Ventricular premature complexes Atrial fibrillation Supraventricular tachycardia Ventricular tachycardia Advanced second-degree atrioventricular block Complete third-degree atrioventricular block Congenital, valvular, or myocardial…
Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular Disease Congenital cardiac malformation Simple systemic-to-pulmonary shunts (left to right) Atrial septal defect Ventricular septal defect Paramembranous defect Ventricular inlet defect Subarterial (subpulmonic) defect Muscular defect Patent ductus arteriosus…
Cardiac Murmurs, Causes
Cardiac Murmurs, Causes Differential Diagnosis Cardiac Murmur Lesion Identified by Echocardiography, Catheterization, or Necropsy Functional murmurs* No identifiable lesions Congenital heart disease murmurs Defect(s) in the atrial or ventricular septa,…
Guttural Pouch Tympany
Guttural Pouch Tympany Basic Information Definition A congenital abnormality causing air accumulation in the guttural pouch secondary to an abnormality involving the plica salpingopharyngea Epidemiology Species, Age, Sex The most…
Bitting Problems
Bitting Problems Soft tissue origin Tongue lacerations Foreign bodies trapped within the mouth Pinched soft tissue at commissures of mouth
Ataxia, Spinal
Ataxia, Spinal Differential Diagnosis Common Causes Major Diagnostic Tests Cervical compressive myelopathy Cervical radiography, myelogram Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis Western blot, IFAT Equine herpesvirus-1 myeloencephalopathy PCR, titers, virus isolation West Nile…
