Biopsy Rectal Basic Information Overview and Goal(s) • The rectal biopsy procedure is used as a minimally invasive technique for assessment of the gastrointestinal tract. • Common disease states in…

Large Colon Left Dorsal Displacement Basic Information Definition • Displacement or entrapment of the large colon within the nephrosplenic space (between the spleen and the left kidney) • Some clinicians…

Influenza Basic Information Definition Influenza virus A-Eq2 (H3N8) is an orthomyxovirus that is an important worldwide respiratory pathogen of horses. Synonym(s) Flu Epidemiology Species, Age, Sex • Most common in…

Metacarpal Disease, Dorsal Basic Information Definition Dorsal metacarpal disease (DMD) includes two conditions: dorsal metacarpal periostitis (“bucked shins”) and dorsal cortical stress fractures of the third metacarpus (MC-III). Synonym(s) DMD…

Sodium Toxicosis Basic Information Definition Sodium ion or salt toxicosis may occur from ingestion of excess sodium in either feed or water or from water deprivation. Synonym(s) • Hypernatremia •…

Embryo Transfer to Recipient Basic Information Synonym(s) Embryo transplantation Overview and Goal(s) See “Embryo Transfer: Embryo Collection” in this section. Indications Establishment of a pregnancy in a surrogate dam after…

Shock-Dose Fluid Administration Basic Information Synonym(s) Fluid resuscitation Overview and Goal(s) Shock doses of fluids are indicated to support the cardiovascular system and provide adequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation to…

Urovagina Basic Information Definition Accumulation of incompletely voided urine in the vaginal fornix Synonym(s) • Urine pooling • Vesicovaginal reflux Epidemiology Species, Age, Sex Urovagina can be most often identified…

Keratitis, Infectious Basic Information Definition • Acute or chronic corneal ulcer with associated bacterial, fungal, or viral infection Synonym(s) • Infected corneal ulcers • Fungal keratitis • Bacterial keratitis Epidemiology…

Ivermectin and Moxidectin Toxicosis Basic Information Definition The macrocyclic lactones ivermectin and moxidectin are widely used parasiticides in equine medicine. Although they have a large margin of safety when used…