32 LABORATORY EVALUATION OF MUSCLE DISEASE IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS 1 What serum enzyme tests can be used to evaluate muscle degeneration or necrosis? Creatine kinase (CK), aspartate transaminase (AST), and…
31 LABORATORY EVALUATION OF LIVER DISEASE IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS 1 What are the major types of inflammatory liver disease described in dogs? Despite decades of study, the classification of canine…
39 LABORATORY TESTING FOR EQUINE PITUITARY DISEASE 1 What causes equine Cushing’s syndrome? Equine Cushing’s syndrome is due to the presence of chronic excessive circulating glucocorticoids. The syndrome is almost…
38 LABORATORY TESTING FOR ADRENAL DISEASE 1 What causes canine hyperadrenocorticism? Hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) in dogs is a condition in which serum cortisol levels are persistently elevated due to either an…
37 LABORATORY TESTING FOR THYROID DISEASE 1 What is the best diagnostic test for feline hyperthyroidism? The majority of hyperthyroid cats have serum total thyroxine (T4) concentration above reference ranges….
18 LYMPHOID LEUKEMIAS 1 What is the hallmark of lymphoid leukemia, and how is this disorder distinguished from lymphoma? Lymphoid leukemia is primarily a disease of bone marrow, peripheral blood,…
10 INTERPRETATION OF THE LEUKOGRAM Stephen D. Gaunt 1 What is the predominant blood leukocyte during health in the domestic animals? In cats, dogs, and neonatal ruminants, neutrophils are the…
28 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF URINALYSIS 1 Why is urinalysis performed? Urinalysis (UA) is performed in healthy patients to screen for occult disease. UA is an essential component in…
26 RESPIRATORY ACID-BASE ABNORMALITIES James H. Meinkoth, Rick L. Cowell, Karen Dorsey 1 Define hypercapnia and hypocapnia. Hypercapnia is an increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) of…
3 EVALUATION OF ERYTHROCYTES Shannon Jones Hostetter, Claire B. Andreasen 1 What are the major red blood cell indices used to characterize anemia in dogs and cats? a. Mean corpuscular…
