I. INTRODUCTION. Antiparasitics are drugs that reduce parasite burdens to a tolerable level by killing parasites or inhibiting their growth. The ideal antiparasitic has a wide therapeutic index (i.e., the…

I. INTRODUCTION. Anesthesia is a reversible process resulting in the total loss of sensation in a body part or the whole body. Anesthesia may be induced by a drug or…

I. INTRODUCTION A. Diuretics are drugs that increase urinary loss of sodium ions (Na+) and water. By shrinking extracellular fluid (ECF) volume, they mobilize edema fluid from the interstitial space…

I. INTRODUCTION TO THE PERIPHERAL EFFERENT NERVOUS SYSTEM A. T al muscle and controls motor functions of the body. Axons originate from the spinal cord and release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine…

I. ENDOCRINE FUNCTION. Hormones are natural secretions of endocrine glands that can exert powerful effects on other cells/tissues. Compounds that produce hormonelike effects have important therapeutic uses for the treatment…

I. INTRODUCTION A. Definitions 1. Autacoids are chemical mediators that are synthesized and function in a localized tissue or area and participate in physiologic or pathophysiologic responses to injury. They…

I. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS A. Gastrointestinal (GI) disease is a common clinical problem where signs of vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia predominate. Rapid diagnosis is essential for symptomatic or specific therapies to…

I. INTRODUCTION A. Selection of an antimicrobial drug. Antimicrobial therapy is based upon the selective toxicity of the drug for invading organisms rather than mammalian cells. It is important to…

I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY A. The goal of treatment with chemotherapy in veterinary medicine is to increase the length and quality of life of patients based on an…

I. DRUG INTERACTIONS A. Introduction 1. Drug interactions are defined as an altered pharmacological response to one drug caused by the presence of second drug. The expected response may be…