Clinical signs: The presence of adult worms in the stomach causes very little clinical disturbance. Cutaneous habronematidosis presents as intense itching of the affected skin. Non-healing granulomatous lesions, raised above…

Sub-order: Ixodida (Metastigmata) Family: Argasidae Description: The unfed adult is reddish brown turning slate blue when fed. The female is about 8 mm in length and the male about 5…

Life cycle: There are five merogony stages. The first-generation meronts are in the glands of the lower small intestine, the second-to fifth-generation meronts are in the caecum and colon. The…

Clinical signs: Light infections of less than 100 worms may cause poor weight gains and lowered egg production. Heavy infections often induce inappetence and emaciation. Diagnosis: Because of the non-specific…

Tetratrichomonas felistomae Predilection site: Mouth Parasite class: Zoomastigophorasida Family: Trichomonadidae Description: The body is piriform, 6–11 × 3–4 μm, (mean 8 × 3 μm). There are four anterior flagella, which…

Pathology: The immature flukes are embedded in the mucosa of the upper ileum and duodenum and are plug feeders, and this can result in severe erosion of the duodenal mucosa….

Pathology: During the course of larval development there is dilation of infected gastric glands and hyperplasia of the glandular epithelium of both infected and neighbouring glands. The lamina propria is…

Hosts: Sheep, goat Life cycle: Both the free-living and parasitic phases of the life cycle are similar to those of the bovine species, O. ostertagi. Geographical distribution: Worldwide Pathogenesis: In…

Pathogenesis: Small infestations may have no obvious effect on the animal; large infestations may cause accumulation of mucus in the trachea and bronchi, leading to coughing and respiratory difficulties, air…

Benzimidazoles are poorly soluble and are generally given orally as a suspension. Netobimin can be solubilised and administered via drinking water. Benzimidazoles have also been incorporated into a range of…