Fatty tissue must be handled gently during procedures, as if crushed it is prone to liquefactive necrosis. Since it has a poor blood supply, it heals slowly if damaged and…

Administration techniques Injections and blood samples should be performed using aseptic techniques. New, sterile needles should be used for each animal, and the injection site may need to be cleaned…

Rodents accounted for 81% of animals used in research in the UK in 20108, with mice comprising over 72% of animals used. Mice are used in studies including genetics, oncology,…

Domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) Common quail (Coturnix coturnix) Anseriformes Ducks and geese Struthioniformes Ostriches Columbiformes Pigeons Poultry may be purchased from any commercial supplier. Poultry breeding companies in the UK…

Anaesthesia of Wild Animals General considerations If pharmacological restraint is required it should be given under veterinary supervision. Anaesthetics and analgesics suitable for the species and procedure should be used,…

At the start of the assessment view the animal from a distance and note its natural appearance and undisturbed behaviour. Next, as you approach the animal it should take notice…

Pain and stress recognition Familiarity with the individual dog’s normal behaviour allows identification of any changes brought about by the presence of pain. A dog in pain or distress may…

The speed with which these parameters may change depends on numerous factors including the ratio of fish biomass to water volume and the capacity of the filtration system. Therefore no…

New World Monkeys New World monkeys originate from tropical rain forests in Central and South America, where they are exclusively arboreal. Their native environment may be hot and humid, and…

Replacement Alternatives are often argued not to be ‘the real thing’, but neither are live animal models. In the field of toxicity testing, the US National Academy of Sciences17 has…