Fig. 1. Clinical aspects of canine spinal cord injury. (a) T1-weighted transverse MRI scan of the spinal cord close to the thoracolumbar junction in a normal dog; (b) comparable level…
Fig. 1. Hyperflexion injury is typically associated with an anterior spinal cord syndrome, with spastic paraplegia and hypalgesia and sparing of posterior column sensation (LCST lateral corticospinal tract, LST lateral…
Fig. 1. General methodology for the study of locomotion in cats with spinal lesions. With a complete lesion of the spinal cord at T13, cats are positioned with their forelimbs…
Fig. 1. Spinal cord transection. The vertebral column is gently tilted up with forceps allowing microscissors to cut intervertebral ligaments and to be inserted intervertebrally for a transection of the…
Fig. 1. Mouse (left) and rat (right) MRI at 28 days following a moderate SCI. Images were taken using a T1-weighted protocol (a, b), a T1-weighted protocol with Gd contrast…
Fig. 1. A comparative overview of spinal cord blood vessels often targeted when modeling ischemic spinal cord injury caused by aortic cross clamping. In humans, the anterior spinal artery and…
Fig. 1. Intact, lumbar dorsal root of adult rat. Horizontal section through several dorsal rootlets, immunostained with antibodies to laminin (green) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; red ). The…
Nerve cell disability Environmental factors Nerve cell body response Presence of growth inhibiting factors Scar tissue formation Formation of cavities and cysts at, below, and above the level of injury…
C1–C4 Skull, neck, upper thoracic area C3–C5 Diaphragm (lower thoracic area) C5 Shoulder C5–C7 Elbow C6 Wrist C7–T1 Finger C8 Thumb T1, T12 Chest wall and abdominal L2–L4 Hip L3…
SCI model Uni/bilateral Region Species: Strain References Contusion Weight-drop Bilateral Cervical/thoracic Dog Rat: Sprague-Dawley Mouse: C57BLC (11, 12) (47) (50) (62) Weight-drop (NYU) Thoracic Rat: Long-Evans (48) Weight-drop, electromagnetic spinal…
