Photographs of the newly developed “in vivo cryoapparatu s .” (a) The main part of the apparatus set up on a table. (b) Another system operating the valves controlling IP cryogen or liquid nitrogen release is placed under the table. As a target organ is cut with the cryoknife (vi), the isopentane –propane (IP) cryogen in tank 1 is immediately poured through nozzle 1 onto it. Then liquid nitrogen (−196 °C) is poured through nozzle 2 from tank 2 (ii). The opening time of valves 1 and 2 started by pushing the foot switch (b) is automatically regulated by the controller (a, iii) with the support of the air compressor (b)