Comparative Ocular Anatomy in Commonly Used Laboratory Animals
Fig. 1.1 Gross ocular anatomy. Human and nonhuman primate eyes are similar, with the NHP eye at approximately half the scale of the human eye. Other species presented for comparison…
Emerging Electrophysiological Technologies for Assessing Ocular Toxicity in Laboratory Animals
Fig. 4.1 (a) ERG response of the right (top) and left eye (bottom) to a dim flash from the eye of a monkey that has been previously dark-adapted. Cursors have…
Nonclinical Regulatory Aspects for Ophthalmic Drugs
Approval date Drug name NDA chemical type b Indication c Route of administration Mar 2004 Iquix (levofloxacin) 3 Treatment of bacterial corneal ulcers Topical Jun 2004 Istalol (timolol maleate) 3…
Ocular Toxicity Regulatory Considerations for Nondrug Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Products and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Legislation Agency Substance/product FDCA (1938) Department of Health and Human Services (FDA) Pharmaceuticals and cosmetics FIFRA (1947) EPA Pesticides FHSA (1964) and TSCA (1977) Department of Agriculture and EPA Agriculture…
Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Basic Information Overview and Goal(s) • Pharmacokinetics is what the body does to the drug. • Pharmacodynamics is what the drug does to the body, cell,…
Herpesvirus
Herpesvirus Basic Information Definition • Equine herpesviruses (EHVs) are ubiquitous enveloped DNA viruses that have a major economic and welfare impact on the horse industry worldwide. • Nine EHVs have…
Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation in
Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation in Neonatal Foals Basic Information Synonym(s) CPCR CPR Cardiopulmonary resuscitation Overview and Goal(s) • Cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation is instituted to return the foal to spontaneous and effective…
Pneumonia, Viral
Pneumonia, Viral Basic Information Definition Lower respiratory tract infection associated with equine influenza virus, equine herpes viruses (EHV), equine arteritis virus (EAV), equine rhinitis virus (ERV), equine adenovirus, or Hendra…
Ergot-Related Toxicosis
Ergot-Related Toxicosis Basic Information Definition Claviceps fungi (“ergot”) produce a variety of toxins that can adversely affect the reproductive, circulatory, nervous, and musculoskeletal systems of horses. Claviceps fungi are visible…
Lameness Examination
Lameness Examination Basic Information Overview and Goal(s) • A normal horse moves in a balanced manner with all limb movements in equilibrium. • If lameness is present, movement is unbalanced…
