5Diseases of Airways Structural Disorders Laryngeal Paralysis Pathophysiology In normal animals, the dorsal cricoarytenoideus muscles contract to abduct the corniculate processes of the arytenoids during inspiration, causing opening of the…
6Parenchymal Disease Structural Diseases Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Pathophysiology Normal cilia are made up of nine pairs of microtubules surrounding a central pair. Inner and outer dynein arms connect the microtubules,…
7Pleural and Mediastinal Disease Structural Disorders Pneumothorax Pathophysiology Entrance of air into the pleural space causes intrapleural pressure to become positive, which results in collapse of the lungs with a…
8Vascular Disorders Structural Disorders Pulmonary Thromboembolism Pathophysiology Systemic diseases that result in stasis of blood flow, hypercoagulability, and disruption of the endothelial layer in the vasculature can result in the…
