Diseases of the Cardiovascular System
Chapter 14 Diseases of the Cardiovascular System THE FERRET Acquired heart disease is relatively common in middle-aged to older ferrets (>3 years of age), whereas there are few reports of…
Diseases of the Respiratory System
Chapter 46 Diseases of the Respiratory System SNAKES Pneumonias Pneumonia is a common presenting sign in the sick reptile patient. Although pneumonia is primarily a disease of the respiratory system,…
Diseases of the Endocrine System
Chapter 40 Diseases of the Endocrine System SNAKES Snakes have either a single or paired thyroid gland that lies just anterior to the heart. Thyroid function is involved in shedding…
Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System
Chapter 20 Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System THE FERRET Diseases of the musculoskeletal system are not common in ferrets. They may suffer traumatic long-bone fractures or spinal injury from rough…
Diseases of the Cardiovascular System
Chapter 38 Diseases of the Cardiovascular System SNAKES Clinical cardiac disease in reptiles may be primary or secondary to metabolic or nutritional problems. This type of disease has been poorly…
Diseases of the Respiratory System
Chapter 35 Diseases of the Respiratory System The respiratory system of birds is uniquely designed for flight. The nostrils are found in the cere, the area around the most dorsal…
Pansystemic Diseases
Chapter 34 Pansystemic Diseases Pansystemic diseases are usually viral, bacterial, or fungal diseases that involve multiple body systems. These diseases are devastating to the bird and the owner, resulting in…
Diseases of the Nervous System
Chapter 33 Diseases of the Nervous System The nervous system of the bird is arranged similar to that of mammals with some major differences. The neocortex, developed on the surface…
Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System
Chapter 32 Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System Disorders of the musculoskeletal system are common in pet birds. Trauma is a frequent cause of these disorders, although many systemic diseases also…
Hematologic and Immunologic Diseases
Chapter 30 Hematologic and Immunologic Diseases Hematology is an important part of the diagnostic workup in the ill bird. With a little practice and a minimum amount of equipment, a…
