Spanagel R (2009) Alcoholisms: A systems approach from molecular physiology to addictive behavior. Physiol Rev 89:649–705PubMed

O’Brien CP (1994) Treatment of alcoholism as a chronic disorder. Alcohol 11:433–437PubMed

Dole VP (1986) On the relevance of animal models to alcoholism in humans. Clin Exp Res 10:361–363

Lester D, Freed EX (1973) Criteria for an animal model of alcoholism. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1:103–107PubMed

Mello NK (1973) A review of methods to induce alcohol addiction in animals. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1:89–101PubMed

Meisch RA (1982) Animal studies of alcohol intake. Br J Psychiatr 141:113–120

Meisch RA (1984) Alcohol self-administration by experimental animals. In: Smart RG, Cappell HD, Glaser FB et al (eds) Research advances in alcohol and drug problems. Plenum Press, New York, pp 23–45

Samson HH (1987) Initiation of ethanol-maintained behavior: A comparison of animal models and their implication of human drinking. In: Thompson T, Dews P, Barret J (eds) Neurobehavioral pharmacology, vol 6, Advances in behavioral pharmacology. Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, pp 221–248

Samson HH (1986) Initiation of ethanol reinforcement using a sucrose-substitution procedure in food- and water-sated rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 10:436–442PubMed

Kornetsky C, Bain GT, Unterwald EM, Lewis MJ (1988) Brain stimulation reward: Effects of ethanol. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 12:609–616PubMed

Lewis MJ (1991) Alcohol effects on brain-stimulation reward: Blood alcohol concentration and site specificity. In: Meyer R, Koob GF, Lewis M, Paul S (eds) The neuropharmacology of ethanol. Birkhäuser, Boston, pp 163–178

Grant KA (1995) Animal models of the alcohol addiction process. In: Kranzler HR (ed) Handbook of experimental pharmacology, vol 114, The pharmacology of alcohol abuse. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 185–229

Samson HH, Pfeffer AO, Tolliver GA (1988) Oral ethanol self-administration in rats: Models of alcohol-seeking behavior. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 12:581–598

Richter CP, Campbell KH (1940) Alcohol taste thresholds and concentrations of solution preferred by rats. Science 91:507–508PubMed

Froehlich JC (1995) Genetic factors in alcohol self-administration. J Clin Psychiatry 56(Suppl 7):15–23PubMed

Lester D, Freed EX (1972) A rat model of alcoholism? Ann N Y Acad Sci 197:54–59PubMed

Veale WL (1973) Ethanol selection in the rat following forced acclimation. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1:233–235

Stromberg MF, Casale M, Volpicelli L, Volpicelli JR, O’Brien CP (1998) A comparison of the effects of the opioid antagonists naltrexone, naltrindole, and beta-funaltrexamine on ethanol consumption in the rat. Alcohol 15:281–289PubMed

McClearn GE (1988) Animal models in alcohol research. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 12:573–576PubMed

Meisch RA, Henningfield JE (1977) Drinking of ethanol by rhesus monkeys: Experimental strategies. Adv Exp Med Biol 85:443–463

Linseman MA (1987) Alcohol consumption in free-feeding rats: Procedural, genetic and pharmacokinetic factors. Psychopharmacology 92:254–261PubMed

Linseman MA (1988) Consumption of alcohol compared to another bitter solution in a limited access drinking paradigm. Alcohol 5:301–303PubMed

Steward RB, Grupp LA (1984) A simplified procedure for producing ethanol self-administration. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 21:255–258

Meisch RA, Thompson T (1971) Ethanol intake in the absence of concurrent food reinforcement. Psychopharmacologia 22:72–79PubMed

Roehrs TA, Samson HH (1982) Relative responding on concurrent schedules: Indexing ethanol’s reinforcing efficacy. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 16:393–396PubMed

Grant KA, Samson HH (1985) Oral self administration of ethanol in free feeding rats. Alcohol 2:317–321PubMed

Weiss F, Koob GF (1991) The neuropharmacology of ethanol self-administration. In: Meyre RE, Koob GF, Lewis MJ, Paul SM (eds) Neuropharmacology of ethanol: New approaches. Birkhäuser, Boston, pp 125–162

Weiss F, Lorang MT, Bloom FE, Koob GF (1993) Oral alcohol self-administration stimulates dopamine release in the rat nucleus accumbens: Genetic and motivational determinants. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 267:250–258PubMed

Valenstein E, Cox V, Kakolewski J (1967) Polydipsia elicited by the synergistic action of a saccharin and glucose solution. Science 157:552–554PubMed

Walker B, Rasmussen D, Raskind M, Koob G (2008) α1-noradrenergic receptor antagonism blocks dependence-induced increases in responding for ethanol. Alcohol 42:91–97PubMed

Samson HH, Czachowski CL (2003) Behavioral measures of alcohol self-administration and intake control: Rodent models. Int Rev Neurobiol 54:107–143PubMed

Roberts AJ, Heyser CJ, Koob GF (1999) Operant self-administration of sweetened versus unsweetened ethanol: Effects on blood alcohol levels. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 23:1151–1157PubMed

Gilpin N, Ji D, Rivier K, Koob G, HN R (2008) Binge drinking of alcohol during early adolescent development elicits increased vulnerability to alcohol dependence and anxiety in adulthood in male rats. In: 2008 meeting on alcohol and stress: A framework for future medications development

Sinclair JD, Senter RJ (1967) Increased preference for ethanol in rats following alcohol deprivation. Psychonomic Sci 8:11–12

Wayner MJ, Greenberg I (1972) Effects of hypothalamic stimulation, acclimation and periodic withdrawal on ethanol consumption. Physiol Behav 9:737–740PubMed

Wayner MJ, Greenberg I, Tartaglione R, Nolley D, Fraley S, Cott A (1972) A new factor affecting the consumption of ethyl alcohol and other sapid fluids. Physiol Behav 8:345–362PubMed

Wise RA (1973) Voluntary ethanol intake in rats following exposure to ethanol on various schedules. Psychopharmacology 29:203–210

Rowland N, Nasrallah N, Robertson K (2005) Accurate caloric compensation in rats for electively consumed ethanol-beer or ethanol-polycose mixtures. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 80:109–114PubMed

Peris J, Zhharikova A, Li Z, Lingis M, Mac Neill M, Wu M, Rowland N (2006) Brain ethanol levels after voluntary ethanol consumption using a sweetened gelatin vehicle. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 85:562–568PubMed

Ritz MC, Garcia JM, Protz D, Rael A-M, George FR (1994) Ethanol-reinforced behavior in P, NP, HAD and LAD rats: Differential genetic regulation of reinforcement and motivation. Behav Pharmacol 5:521–531PubMed

Files FJ, Lewis RS, Samson HH (1993) Ethanol self-administration by alcohol-nonpreferring (NP) rats in a continuous access situation. Alcohol 10:139–144PubMed

Rassnick S, D’ Amico E, Riley E, Koob GF (1993) GABA antagonist and benzodiazepine partial inverse agonist reduce motivated responding for ethanol. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 17:124–130PubMed

Ritz MC, George FR, Meisch RA (1989) Ethanol self-administration in ALKO rats: II Effects of selection and fixed-ratio size. Alcohol 6:235–239PubMed

Samson HH, Czachowski CL, Slawecki CJ (2000) A new assessment of the ability of oral ethanol to function as a reinforcing stimulus. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 24:766–773PubMed

Samson HH, Sharpe AL, Denning C (1999) Initiation of ethanol self-administration in the rat using sucrose substitution in a sipper-tube procedure. Psychopharmacology 147:274–279PubMed

Samson HH, Slawecki CJ, Sharpe AL, Chappell A (1998) Appetitive and con­summatory behaviors in the control of ethanol consumption: A measure of ethanol seeking behavior. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 22:1783–1787PubMed

Samson HH, Chappell A (2002) Reinstatement of ethanol seeking responding after ethanol self-administration. Alcohol 26:95–101PubMed

Samson HH, Czachowski CL, Chappell A, Legg B (2003) Measuring the appetitive strength of ethanol: Use of an extinction trial procedure. Alcohol 31:77–86PubMed

Sharpe A, Samson H (2001) Effects of naloxone on appetitive and consummatory phases of ethanol self-administration. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 25:1006–1011PubMed

Czachowski CL, Santini LA, Legg BH, Samson HH (2002) Separate measures of ethanol seeking and drinking in the rat: Effects of remoxipride. Alcohol 28:39–46PubMed

Liu Y, Le Foll B, Liu Y, Wang X, Lu L (2008) Conditioned place preference induced by licit drugs: Establishment, extinction, and reinstatement. Sci World J 8:1228–1245

Schechter MD, Calcagnetti DJ (1993) Trends in place preference conditioning with a cross-indexed bibliography; 1957–1991. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 17:21–41PubMed

Asin KE, Wirthshafter D, Tabakoff B (1985) Failure to establish a conditioned place preference with ethanol in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 22:169–173PubMed

Risinger FO, Cunningham CL (1992) Genetic differences in ethanol-induced hyperglycemia and conditioned taste aversion. Life Sci 50:PL113–PL118PubMed

Cunningham CL (1979) Flavor and location aversions produced by ethanol. Behav Neural Biol 27:362–367PubMed

Horowitz GP, Whitney G (1975) Alcohol-induced conditioned aversion: Genotypic specificity in mice (Mus musculus). J Comp Physiol Psychol 89:340–346PubMed

Gauvin DV, Holloway FA (1992) Ethanol tolerance developed during intoxicated operant performance in rats prevents subsequent ethanol-induced conditioned taste aversion. Alcohol 9:167–170PubMed

Stewart RB, McBride WJ, Lumeng L, Li T-K, Murphy JM (1991) Chronic alcohol consumption in alcohol-preferring P rats attenuates subsequent conditioned taste aversion produced by ethanol injections. Psycho­pharmacology 105:84–92

Reid LD, Hunter GA, Beaman CM, Hubbell CL (1985) Toward understanding ethanol’s capacity to be reinforcing: A conditioned place preference following injections of ethanol. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 22:483–487PubMed

Bozarth MA (1990) Evidence for the rewarding effects of ethanol using the conditioned place preference method. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 35:485–487PubMed

Froehlich JC, Harts J, Lumeng L, Li T-K (1988) Differences in response to the aversive properties of ethanol in rats selectively bred for oral ethanol preference. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 31:215–222PubMed

Schechter MD (1992) Locomotor activity but not conditioned place preference is differentially altered by moderate doses of ethanol administered to P and NP rats. Alcohol 9:185–188PubMed

Cunningham CL, Niehus JS, Noble D (1993) Species difference in sensitivity to ethanol’s hedonic effects. Alcohol 10:97–102PubMed

Cunningham CL, Prather LK (1992) Conditioning trial duration affects ethanol-induced conditioned place preference in mice. Anim Learn Behav 20:187–194

Heyman G (1993) Ethanol regulated pre­ference in rats. Psychopharmacology 112:259–269PubMed

Heyman GM, Oldfather CM (1992) Inelastic preference for ethanol in rats: An analysis of ethanol’s reinforcing effects. Psychol Sci 3:122–129

Files FJ, Andrews CM, Lewis RS, Samson HH (1993) Effects of manipulating food availability on ethanol self-administration by P rats in a continuous access situation. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 17:586–591PubMed