Chapter 11 Surgical procedures of the lens and cataract
Evolution of cataract surgery in dogs 307
Evolution of cataract surgery in horses 308
Development of the intraocular lens for the dog, cat, and horse 309
Patient selection for all species 314
Non-surgical treatment of cataracts 316
Surgical procedures for cataracts and lens removal 320
Choice of ophthalmic anesthesia and surgical exposure 321
Anterior chamber entry for cataract and lens extraction 322
Capsulorhexis and anterior capsulectomies 322
Phacoemulsification in small animals 327
Phacoemulsification in the horse 330
Intraocular lens implantation in small animals 334
Intracapsular cataract or lens extraction in small animals 334
Intracapsular cataract or lens extraction in the horse 335
Removal of the unstable lens in small animals 335
Intraocular lens implantation 339
Postoperative treatment and management in small animals 342
Postoperative treatment and management in the horse 342
Postoperative results and complications in small animals 343
Complications of cataract surgery in dogs 343
Postoperative results and complications after lens surgery in the horse 351
The future and challenges of cataract and lens surgery in animals 352
Introduction
Types of cataract classification
Table 11.1 Different classifications for cataracts in animals
Classification | Description |
---|---|
Age of onset | Congenital |
Developmental (juvenile or adult) | |
Senile | |
Position within the lens | Anterior capsular |
Anterior cortical | |
Nuclear | |
Posterior cortical | |
Posterior capsular | |
Equatorial and axial | |
Degree of opacification and lens size | Incipient |
Immature | |
Mature (subdivision intumescent) | |
Hypermature (subdivision Morgagnian) | |
Resorbing | |
Possible cause | Inherited |
Associated with other ocular anomalies | |
Secondary to retinal degeneration | |
Secondary to trauma (direct/indirect) | |
Viral | |
Post-inflammatory | |
Metabolic | |
Toxic (infant formulas, radiation, drugs) |