Introduction to Drug Formulary

Introduction to Drug Formulary



EDITOR Etienne Côté, DVM, DACVIM (Cardiology, Small Animal Internal Medicine) *,


The drugs listed in this formulary represent a compilation of the more commonly used therapeutic agents in small-animal practice, without implying endorsement (or lack thereof) of specific medications. Not all drugs used in veterinary practice are included, and clinicians may infrequently or never use some of those listed.


Drugs are organized in alphabetical order by generic names, with trade names in parentheses under the generic title, and the drugs also are listed alphabetically by brand name, with a cross-reference. A brief description of the drug’s actions or indications is also provided. Canine and feline dosages are given individually. Note that total dose is the amount given to an animal in each single dose (in contrast to dose per kilogram body weight) and not the total amount of drug given for the full course of treatment. The fifth column, entitled Comments, describes commonly seen side effects, specific important observations, or other characteristics that are particularly important to the clinician. A sixth column, entitled How the Drug Is Supplied, includes commonly available sizes and formulations. Abbreviations used in the formulary are first defined on this page for the reader’s reference.


Entries that are preceded by letters or modifiers are listed according to the principal word in the name of the drug. For example, L-asparaginase is listed under the letter A, DL-methionine is listed under the letter M, and S-adenosyl methionine is also listed under the letter M. Entries that are preceded by numbers are listed without the number (e.g., 4-methylpyrazole is listed under M).


While every effort has been made to include clinically useful, important, and accurate information, a comprehensive review of the details of individual drugs is too voluminous to be listed in this format. Therefore, it remains the prescriber’s and clinician’s responsibility to ensure that the particulars of any drug are appropriate for the intended application. The clinician should recheck drug dosages for accuracy as well as for specific indications, contraindications, and warnings. Drugs are listed not only by their licensed uses but also by commonly practiced uses. Again, the clinician needs to identify the specific and recommended indications for each drug by reviewing relevant information (e.g., product insert, primary sources) before prescribing, recommending, or using a drug.


Drugs, dosages, comments, and side effects are taken from several sources: (1) the clinical experience of the editor and previous redactors of this formulary; (2) drug-related information from the other sections of this textbook; (3) Ettinger SJ, Feldman, EC: Textbook of veterinary internal medicine, ed 6, St Louis, 2005, Saunders; (4) PDR Staff: Physician’s desk reference, ed 64, Williston, VT, 2009, PDR Network; (5) Plumb DC: Veterinary drug handbook, ed 6, Ames, Iowa, 2008, Blackwell; (6) Kirk RW, Bonagura JD, editors: Current veterinary therapy IX-XIV, Philadelphia and St Louis, 1986-2008, Saunders; (7) Greene CE, editor: Infectious diseases of the dog and cat, ed 3, St Louis, 2006, Saunders; and (8) websites medlineplus.gov, www.medicinenet.com, www.drugs.com, and www.rxlist.com.



ABBREVIATIONS



AA: amino acid


ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme


ACS: American Chemical Society


ACT: activated coagulation time


ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone


APTT: activated partial thromboplastin time


AV: atrioventricular


BM: bone marrow


BP: blood pressure


BUN: blood urea nitrogen


BW: body weight


C: capsules


C-II: class 2 controlled drug


C-III: class 3 controlled drug


C-IV: class 4 controlled drug


CA: carbonic anhydrase


CBC: complete blood count


CDI: central diabetes insipidus


CDS: cognitive dysfunction syndrome


CHF: congestive heart failure


CLL: chronic lymphocytic leukemia


CNS: central nervous system


COX: cyclooxygenase


CRI: constant rate infusion


D5W: sterile 5% dextrose in water


DCM: dilated cardiomyopathy


DIC: disseminated intravascular coagulation


DJD: degenerative joint disease


DOCA: deoxycorticosterone acetate


ECG: electrocardiogram


EDTA: ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid


EPA: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency


ER: extended release


ES: extra strength


FAIDS: feline immunodeficiency virus–induced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome


FDA: U.S. Food and Drug Administration


FeLV: feline leukemia virus


FIP: feline infectious peritonitis


FIV: feline immunodeficiency virus


G-: gram negative


G(: gram positive


GABA: (-aminobutyric acid


GI: gastrointestinal


h: hour


HDDST: high-dose dexamethasone suppression test


HM: human medicine


HPA: hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal


HR: heart rate


HW: heartworm


I: injectable


IBD: inflammatory bowel disease


IC: intracardiac


ICU: intensive care unit


IHA: immune-mediated hemolytic anemia


IM: intramuscular


IP: intraperitoneal


ITP: immune-mediated thrombocy topenia


IU: international unit(s)


IV: intravenous


KCS: keratoconjunctivitis sicca


LDDST: low-dose dexamethasone suppression test


LES: lower esophageal (gastroesophageal) sphincter


LRS: lactated Ringer’s solution


MAO: monoamine oxidase


MVO2: myocardial oxygen consumption


NDI: nephrogenic diabetes insipidus


NPH: isophane


NSAID: nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug


O: topical ointment


OO: ophthalmic ointment


OS: ophthalmic solution


OTC: over-the-counter, nonprescription item


P: powder


PCV: packed cell volume


PDH: pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism


PO: per os; oral


PP: polyphagia


PRN: as needed


PSS: physiologic saline solution


PT: prothrombin time


PTE: pulmonary thromboembolism


PU/PD: polyuria and polydipsia


q: every


RA: rheumatoid arthritis


RAAS: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system


RBC: red blood cell


RS: regular strength


S: oral solution


SIBO: small-intestinal bacterial overgrowth/antibiotic-responsive enteritis


SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus


SQ: subcutaneous


SVT: supraventricular tachycardia


T: tablet


T1/2: serum half-life


T3: triiodothyronine


T4: thyroxine


TCC: transitional cell carcinoma


tbsp: tablespoon ((?15 mL)


tsp: teaspoon ((?5 mL)


TVT: transmissible venereal tumor


Tx: treatment


U: unit(s)


USP: U.S. Pharmacopeia


UTI: urinary tract infection


V/D: vomiting/diarrhea


VM: veterinary medicine


vWF: von Willebrand factor


WBC: white blood cell




TABLE VI-1 Drug Formulary

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Jul 24, 2016 | Posted by in SMALL ANIMAL | Comments Off on Introduction to Drug Formulary

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