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Dermatoses, Scaling and Crusting




Scaling and Crusting Dermatoses of Dogs and Cats



Dermatosis, Periocular





Dogs



Parasitic:
Demodicosis

Sarcoptic acariasis

Trombiculiasis

Fungal:
Dermatophytosis

Malassezia dermatitis

Bacterial:
Staphylococcal folliculitis

Mucocutaneous pyoderma

Protozoal:
Leishmaniasis

Allergic:
Atopic dermatitis

Food allergy

Contact allergic dermatitis

Angioedema

Autoimmune/immune-mediated:
Pemphigus (foliaceus, erythematosus, vulgaris)

Lupus erythematosus (cutaneous, systemic)

Bullus pemphigoid

Canine familial dermatomyositis

Erythema multiforme

Uveodermatologic syndrome

Vitiligo

Neoplastic:
Epitheliotropic lymphoma

Miscellaneous:
Juvenile cellulitis

Superficial necrolytic dermatitis (hepatocutaneous syndrome)

Zinc-responsive dermatosis

Actinic dermatitis


Cats



Parasitic:
Notoedric acariasis

Demodicosis

Trombiculiasis

Fungal:
Dermatophytosis

Bacterial:
Staphylococcal folliculitis

Allergic:
Atopic dermatitis

Food allergy

Contact allergic dermatitis

Autoimmune/immune-mediated:
Pemphigus (foliaceus, erythematosus, vulgaris)

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Erythema multiforme

Periocular leukotrichia (Siamese)

Miscellaneous:
Actinic dermatitis

Idiopathic facial dermatitis (Persian, Himalayan, exotic short hair)


Diabetes Insipidus, Nephrogenic




Causes


From DiBartola S: Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base disorders in small animal practice, St Louis, 2000, Saunders.



Congenital (Primary)




Acquired (Secondary)



Functional



Drugs
Glucocorticoids

Lithium

Demeclocycline

Methoxyflurane

Escherichia coli endotoxin (e.g., pyelonephritis, pyometra)

Diuretics

Electrolyte/mineral disturbances
Hypokalemia

Hypercalcemia

Altered medullary hypertonicity
Hypoadrenocorticism

Multifactorial or unknown mechanism
Hepatic insufficiency

Hyperthyroidism

Hyperadrenocorticism

Postobstructive diuresis

Acromegaly


Structural



Medullary interstitial amyloidosis (e.g., in cats, shar-pei dogs)

Polycystic kidney disease

Chronic pyelonephritis

Chronic interstitial nephritis


Diabetes Mellitus




Complications in Dogs and Cats


Modified from Feldman E, Nelson R: Canine and feline endocrinology and reproduction, ed 3, St Louis, 2004, Saunders.



Common



Latrogenic hypoglycemia

Persistent polyuria and polydipsia (PU/PD)

Weight loss

Cataracts (dogs)

Bacterial infections, especially in the urinary tract

Pancreatitis

Ketoacidosis

Hepatic lipidosis

Peripheral neuropathy (cat)


Uncommon



Peripheral neuropathy (dog)

Glomerulonephropathy, glomerulosclerosis

Retinopathy

Systemic hypertension

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

Gastric paresis

Diabetic diarrhea

Diabetic dermatopathy (dog) (i.e., superficial necrolytic dermatitis/hepatocutaneous syndrome)


Diabetes, Ketoacidosis




Triggers and Predisposing Conditions



Acromegaly

Chronic kidney disease

Congestive heart failure

Epinephrine release

Glucagonoma

Glucocorticoid treatment

Hepatitis/cholangiohepatitis

Hyperadrenocorticism

Infection
Abscess (subcutaneous, other)

Periodontal/oral

Pneumonia

Pyoderma

Pyometra

Urinary tract infection

Pancreatitis

Progesterone (diestrus; progestagen treatment)


Diarrhea




Major Categories and Causes for Acute Diarrhea in Dogs and Cats


From Willard M, Tvedten H: Small animal clinical diagnosis by laboratory methods, ed 4, St Louis, 2004, Saunders.



Intestinal Parasites



Hookworms

Roundworms

Whipworms

Coccidia

Giardia intestinalis (sometimes difficult to diagnose)

Strongyloides

Trichomoniasis


Dietary Problems



Poor-quality food or food poisoning

Sudden dietary change (especially in young animals)

Food intolerance or allergy


Acute Viral or Bacterial Enteritis



Parvovirus (canine and feline)

Coronavirus (canine and feline)

Clostridium perfringens–associated enteritis

Campylobacteriosis

Salmonellosis

Escherichia coli–associated enteritis (verotoxin-producing strains)


Intussusception




Intoxication



Garbage

Food poisoning

Heavy metal

Organophosphate


Hemorrhagic Gastroenteritis




Diarrhea, Chronic Large Intestinal: Causes



Diagnosis in 74 Cases of Chronic Large-Bowel Diarrhea




































Diagnosis Number of Cases
Idiopathic 19
Plasmacytic lymphocytic colitis 15
Clostridium perfringens enterotoxicosis 10
Malignant neoplasia 10
Pyogranulomatous colitis 6
Histiocytic ulcerative colitis 3
Eosinophilic granulomatous colitis 2
Trichuris vulpis 1
Histoplasmosis 1
Miscellaneous 7

From Bonagura J: Kirk’s current veterinary therapy XIII, St Louis, 2000, Saunders.



Diarrhea, Neonatal



Causes of Neonatal Diarrhea in Puppies and Kittens








Dietary

Abrupt change in diet

Overfeeding

Indiscretion: garbage ingestion

Ingestion of abrasive or indigestible material

Food intolerance

Intolerance of lactose ingested as milk

Endoparasitic
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Jul 24, 2016 | Posted by in SMALL ANIMAL | Comments Off on D

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