I

I



Icterus




Differential Diagnosis of Icterus



Ileus




Causes


From Ettinger S, Feldman E: Textbook of veterinary internal medicine, ed 6, St Louis, 2005, Saunders.



Physical



Intestinal obstruction

Overdistention by aerophagia


Neuromuscular



Anticholinergic drugs

Dysautonomia

Spinal cord injury

Visceral myopathies


Metabolic



Hypokalemia

Uremia

Endotoxemia


Functional



Abdominal surgery

Ischemia

Inflammatory causes

Peritonitis

Pancreatitis

Parvovirus


Immunodeficiency Syndromes: Acquired




Common Acquired Causes of Compromised Immune System Function


From Bonagura J: Kirk’s current veterinary therapy XIII, St Louis, 2000, Saunders.



Drugs



Antineoplastics

Corticosteroids

Other immunosuppressive agents (e.g., azathioprine, gold salts)


Malnutrition



Intestinal parasitism

Inflammatory bowel disease

Protein-calorie deficiency

Obesity


Infections



Viral infection (FeLV, FIV, FIP, CDV, parvovirus)

Ehrlichia canis


Endocrine Disease



Hyperadrenocorticism

Diabetes mellitus


Neoplasia




Miscellaneous



Neonatal colostrum deprivation

CDV, Canine distemper virus; FeLV, feline leukemia virus; FIP, feline infectious peritonitis; FIV, feline immunodeficiency virus.



Immunodeficiency Syndromes: Congenital




Primary or Hereditary Immunodeficiencies



Immunodeficiency-Related Complications




Organisms and Medical Problems Commonly Implicated in Immunocompromised Hosts


Modified with permission from Greene C: Infectious diseases of the dog and cat, ed 2, St Louis, 1999, Saunders, p 684.



Opportunistic Organisms



Viruses: feline herpesvirus, feline infectious peritonitis, feline calicivirus, canine papillomavirus, canine herpesvirus

Rickettsia: Haemobartonella

Bacteria: Citrobacter sp., Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycobacterium spp., Nocardia asteroides, Proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

Fungi: Aspergillus sp., Candida sp., Cryptococcus, Histoplasma, Mucor

Protozoa: Pneumocystis carinii, Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium

Metazoa: Demodex canis, Otodectes, Notoedres, Sarcoptes scabiei


Medical Problems



Recurrent skin infections

Recurrent mucosal infections

Neonatal sepsis and mortality

Reactive amyloidosis

Vasculitis, arteritis, polyarthritis

Recurrent bacteremia

Granulomatous infections

Chronic hypersensitivity reactions

Autoimmune diseases

Persistent intracellular rickettsial or bacterial infections

Disproportional leukocytosis

Persistent lymphopenia


Incontinence, Fecal




Causes


From Ettinger S, Feldman E: Textbook of veterinary internal medicine, ed 6, St Louis, 2005, Saunders.



Neurologic Disease



Sacral Spinal Cord



Congenital vertebral malformation

Meningomyelocele

Sacrococcygeal hypoplasia of Manx cats

Sacral fracture
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Jul 24, 2016 | Posted by in SMALL ANIMAL | Comments Off on I

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